All Flashcards
What is the Encomienda system?
A Spanish labor system that forced indigenous peoples to work for Spanish colonizers.
Define mercantilism.
An economic theory that promotes governmental regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers.
What is salutary neglect?
British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England.
What is chattel slavery?
Chattel slavery is when enslaved people are treated as personal property of the owner and can be bought and sold.
What is a mestizo?
A person of mixed European and indigenous ancestry.
What is indentured servitude?
A labor system where people contracted to work for a fixed period in exchange for passage to the Americas.
Define cash crop.
An agricultural crop which is grown for sale to return a profit.
What is the transatlantic exchange?
The exchange of goods, ideas, and people between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
What is colonization?
The action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.
What is a trading post?
A place or establishment where goods can be traded.
Who was Samuel de Champlain?
A key figure in colonizing New France and forming alliances with the Huron Indians.
Who was Popé?
The leader of the Pueblo Rebellion against Spanish rule in 1680.
What happened in 1607?
The founding of Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America.
What happened in 1608?
France established a permanent settlement in Quebec.
What was Popé's Rebellion (1680)?
A revolt by the Pueblo people against Spanish rule in present-day New Mexico, successfully driving them out for 50 years.
What was the French and Indian War?
A conflict (1754-1763) between Great Britain and France and their respective allies for control of North America. Also known as the Seven Years' War.
What was the significance of the French and Indian War?
It significantly shifted the balance of power in North America, leading to increased British control and rising tensions with the colonies.
What was the main goal of the Spanish colonization?
Extracting precious metals and converting natives to Catholicism.
What was the main goal of the French colonization?
Emphasized fur trading and establishing settlements along rivers.
What was the main goal of the British colonization?
Established colonies along the Atlantic coast, focused on cash crops like tobacco.
What was the impact of slavery in the British colonies?
Slavery was essential to the economic success of the British colonies, especially in the South. It also significantly altered the demographics of the colonies.
What was the impact of the Encomienda system?
It led to exploitation and conflict between the Spanish colonizers and the indigenous peoples.