All Flashcards
Compare the economies of the New England and Southern colonies.
New England: Shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, and iron-making. Southern: Plantation system based on cash crops like tobacco and rice, reliant on enslaved labor.
Compare the religious views of Massachusetts Bay and Rhode Island.
Massachusetts Bay: Sought religious freedom for Puritans only. Rhode Island: Known for religious tolerance for all.
Compare the labor systems of the Chesapeake and Southern colonies.
Chesapeake: Initially relied on indentured servants, later transitioned to enslaved Africans. Southern: Heavily reliant on enslaved Africans from the start.
Compare the social structures of the New England and Southern colonies.
New England: More egalitarian, emphasis on community and family. Southern: Hierarchical, dominated by wealthy plantation owners and reliant on enslaved labor.
Compare the political systems of New England and the Southern colonies.
New England: Town meetings, early form of democracy. Southern: Dominated by wealthy landowners, less direct participation by commoners.
Compare the motivations for settling Jamestown and Plymouth.
Jamestown: Primarily economic profit through tobacco cultivation. Plymouth: Religious freedom for Pilgrims.
Compare the roles of women in New England and Chesapeake societies.
New England: Important role in family and community, but limited public roles. Chesapeake: Fewer women, higher mortality rates, and more limited opportunities.
Compare the relationships with Native Americans in New England and the Southern colonies.
New England: Initially cooperative, but later conflicts over land and resources. Southern: Constant conflict over land and expansion of plantations.
Compare the demographics of the Middle Colonies and the Southern Colonies.
Middle Colonies: Diverse ethnic and religious groups. Southern Colonies: Dominated by English settlers and enslaved Africans.
Compare the economies of the Middle Colonies and the Chesapeake Colonies.
Middle Colonies: 'Breadbasket' colonies, producing grains, lumber, and furs. Chesapeake Colonies: Focused on tobacco production.
Define 'Puritans'.
Those who wanted to 'purify' the Church of England.
Define 'Separatists (Pilgrims)'.
Extreme Puritans who wanted to break away entirely from the Church of England.
Define 'City Upon a Hill'.
Winthrop's vision of a model religious community in Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Define 'Predestination'.
Puritan belief that God has already decided who goes to heaven or hell.
Define 'Indentured Servants'.
Primary labor force in the Chesapeake colonies, especially for tobacco production.
Define 'Act of Toleration (1649)'.
Granted religious freedom to Christians in Maryland (but not other religions).
Define 'Plantation System'.
Large-scale agriculture and cash crops, heavily reliant on slave labor, especially in the Southern Colonies.
Define 'Quakers'.
A peaceful religious group; emphasized equality and tolerance. Founded Pennsylvania.
Define 'Town Meetings'.
An early form of democracy in New England.
Define 'Breadbasket Colonies'.
Middle Colonies known for producing grains, lumber, and furs.
Who was John Winthrop?
Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony; envisioned a 'city upon a hill'.
Who was Roger Williams?
Advocated for religious tolerance; founded Rhode Island.
Who was Anne Hutchinson?
Challenged Puritan authority; banished to Rhode Island.
Who was William Penn?
Founded Pennsylvania as a 'Holy Experiment' for religious freedom and tolerance.
Who was Lord Baltimore?
Founded Maryland for profit and as a haven for Catholics.
Who was James Oglethorpe?
Founded Georgia as a buffer against Spanish Florida and as a place for debtors.
What was the role of the Dutch in the colonies?
Initially settled New York (New Amsterdam).
What did the Puritans seek?
Wanted to 'purify' the Church of England.
What did the Separatists seek?
Extreme Puritans who wanted to break away entirely from the Church of England.
What did the Quakers emphasize?
Peaceful religious group; emphasized equality and tolerance.