All Flashcards
Compare the economies of the New England and Southern colonies.
New England: Shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, and iron-making. Southern: Plantation system based on cash crops like tobacco and rice, reliant on enslaved labor.
Compare the religious views of Massachusetts Bay and Rhode Island.
Massachusetts Bay: Sought religious freedom for Puritans only. Rhode Island: Known for religious tolerance for all.
Compare the labor systems of the Chesapeake and Southern colonies.
Chesapeake: Initially relied on indentured servants, later transitioned to enslaved Africans. Southern: Heavily reliant on enslaved Africans from the start.
Compare the social structures of the New England and Southern colonies.
New England: More egalitarian, emphasis on community and family. Southern: Hierarchical, dominated by wealthy plantation owners and reliant on enslaved labor.
Compare the political systems of New England and the Southern colonies.
New England: Town meetings, early form of democracy. Southern: Dominated by wealthy landowners, less direct participation by commoners.
Compare the motivations for settling Jamestown and Plymouth.
Jamestown: Primarily economic profit through tobacco cultivation. Plymouth: Religious freedom for Pilgrims.
Compare the roles of women in New England and Chesapeake societies.
New England: Important role in family and community, but limited public roles. Chesapeake: Fewer women, higher mortality rates, and more limited opportunities.
Compare the relationships with Native Americans in New England and the Southern colonies.
New England: Initially cooperative, but later conflicts over land and resources. Southern: Constant conflict over land and expansion of plantations.
Compare the demographics of the Middle Colonies and the Southern Colonies.
Middle Colonies: Diverse ethnic and religious groups. Southern Colonies: Dominated by English settlers and enslaved Africans.
Compare the economies of the Middle Colonies and the Chesapeake Colonies.
Middle Colonies: 'Breadbasket' colonies, producing grains, lumber, and furs. Chesapeake Colonies: Focused on tobacco production.
What happened at Plymouth Colony (1620)?
Founded by Pilgrims; later merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony.
What happened at Massachusetts Bay Colony (1629)?
Founded by Puritans seeking religious freedom (for themselves).
What happened with the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?
Adopted by Connecticut; first written constitution.
What was the significance of the founding of Jamestown (1607)?
First permanent English settlement in North America; struggled with disease and high mortality.
What was the significance of the Act of Toleration (1649)?
Granted religious freedom to Christians in Maryland, but not to other religions.
What was the significance of the founding of Georgia (1732)?
Founded as a buffer against Spanish Florida and as a place for debtors to start over.
What was the main purpose of founding Rhode Island?
Founded by Roger Williams; known for religious tolerance.
What was the main purpose of founding Pennsylvania?
Founded by William Penn for religious freedom and tolerance.
What was the primary economic activity in Jamestown?
Tobacco production using indentured servants.
What was the primary economic activity in South Carolina?
Rice production relying heavily on slave labor.
Define 'Puritans'.
Those who wanted to 'purify' the Church of England.
Define 'Separatists (Pilgrims)'.
Extreme Puritans who wanted to break away entirely from the Church of England.
Define 'City Upon a Hill'.
Winthrop's vision of a model religious community in Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Define 'Predestination'.
Puritan belief that God has already decided who goes to heaven or hell.
Define 'Indentured Servants'.
Primary labor force in the Chesapeake colonies, especially for tobacco production.
Define 'Act of Toleration (1649)'.
Granted religious freedom to Christians in Maryland (but not other religions).
Define 'Plantation System'.
Large-scale agriculture and cash crops, heavily reliant on slave labor, especially in the Southern Colonies.
Define 'Quakers'.
A peaceful religious group; emphasized equality and tolerance. Founded Pennsylvania.
Define 'Town Meetings'.
An early form of democracy in New England.
Define 'Breadbasket Colonies'.
Middle Colonies known for producing grains, lumber, and furs.