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Who was John Winthrop?
Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony; envisioned a 'city upon a hill'.
Who was Roger Williams?
Advocated for religious tolerance; founded Rhode Island.
Who was Anne Hutchinson?
Challenged Puritan authority; banished to Rhode Island.
Who was William Penn?
Founded Pennsylvania as a 'Holy Experiment' for religious freedom and tolerance.
Who was Lord Baltimore?
Founded Maryland for profit and as a haven for Catholics.
Who was James Oglethorpe?
Founded Georgia as a buffer against Spanish Florida and as a place for debtors.
What was the role of the Dutch in the colonies?
Initially settled New York (New Amsterdam).
What did the Puritans seek?
Wanted to 'purify' the Church of England.
What did the Separatists seek?
Extreme Puritans who wanted to break away entirely from the Church of England.
What did the Quakers emphasize?
Peaceful religious group; emphasized equality and tolerance.
Define 'Puritans'.
Those who wanted to 'purify' the Church of England.
Define 'Separatists (Pilgrims)'.
Extreme Puritans who wanted to break away entirely from the Church of England.
Define 'City Upon a Hill'.
Winthrop's vision of a model religious community in Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Define 'Predestination'.
Puritan belief that God has already decided who goes to heaven or hell.
Define 'Indentured Servants'.
Primary labor force in the Chesapeake colonies, especially for tobacco production.
Define 'Act of Toleration (1649)'.
Granted religious freedom to Christians in Maryland (but not other religions).
Define 'Plantation System'.
Large-scale agriculture and cash crops, heavily reliant on slave labor, especially in the Southern Colonies.
Define 'Quakers'.
A peaceful religious group; emphasized equality and tolerance. Founded Pennsylvania.
Define 'Town Meetings'.
An early form of democracy in New England.
Define 'Breadbasket Colonies'.
Middle Colonies known for producing grains, lumber, and furs.
What happened at Plymouth Colony (1620)?
Founded by Pilgrims; later merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony.
What happened at Massachusetts Bay Colony (1629)?
Founded by Puritans seeking religious freedom (for themselves).
What happened with the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?
Adopted by Connecticut; first written constitution.
What was the significance of the founding of Jamestown (1607)?
First permanent English settlement in North America; struggled with disease and high mortality.
What was the significance of the Act of Toleration (1649)?
Granted religious freedom to Christians in Maryland, but not to other religions.
What was the significance of the founding of Georgia (1732)?
Founded as a buffer against Spanish Florida and as a place for debtors to start over.
What was the main purpose of founding Rhode Island?
Founded by Roger Williams; known for religious tolerance.
What was the main purpose of founding Pennsylvania?
Founded by William Penn for religious freedom and tolerance.
What was the primary economic activity in Jamestown?
Tobacco production using indentured servants.
What was the primary economic activity in South Carolina?
Rice production relying heavily on slave labor.