All Flashcards
Compare the economic goals of Spanish and French colonization.
Spanish focused on resource extraction and conversion; French focused on fur trade and land control.
Compare the relations with Native Americans between the French and the British.
French established alliances and trade; British often had conflict over resources and land.
Compare the social structures of the Chesapeake and New England colonies.
Chesapeake had a hierarchical structure based on land ownership and enslaved labor; New England had a more egalitarian structure with a focus on community.
Compare the economies of the Middle Colonies and the Southern Colonies.
Middle Colonies had a diverse economy with agriculture and trade; Southern Colonies relied on plantation agriculture and cash crops.
Compare the political goals of the Spanish and the British.
The Spanish focused on asserting control, defending against other European powers, and converting indigenous populations to Catholicism. The British focused on asserting British authority and using them as a base for trade and economic activities.
Compare the political goals of the French and the British.
The French focused on creating a buffer zone between settlements in Canada and British colonies, gaining control of the Mississippi River and its tributaries to control trade and transportation. The British focused on asserting British authority and using them as a base for trade and economic activities.
Compare the political goals of the Dutch and the British.
The Dutch focused on establishing and maintaining control over settlements, using them as a base for trade, establishing relations with indigenous peoples, and converting them to Christianity. The British focused on asserting British authority and using them as a base for trade and economic activities.
Compare the economic goals of the Dutch and the British.
The Dutch focused on promoting religious toleration and diversity, attracting non-Dutch settlers, and building a strong trading presence through the Dutch West India Company. The British focused on participating in political, social, cultural, and economic exchanges with Great Britain, leading to both stronger bonds and resistance to British control.
Compare the regional impact of the Spanish and the British.
The Spanish impacted present-day Florida, California, and New Mexico. The British impacted early colonies along the Atlantic coast.
Compare the regional impact of the French and the British.
The French impacted primarily in present-day Louisiana, Mississippi River Valley, and the Great Lakes region. The British impacted early colonies along the Atlantic coast.
Define 'Indentured Servants'.
Individuals who agreed to work for a set period in exchange for passage to the colonies.
What is the 'Triangular Trade'?
A complex trade network involving Europe, Africa, and the Americas, exchanging goods, enslaved people, and raw materials.
Define 'Town Meetings'.
Local gatherings in New England colonies where citizens discussed and voted on community issues.
What are 'Cash Crops'?
Agricultural crops grown for sale rather than for personal consumption.
Define 'Religious Tolerance'.
Acceptance of different religious beliefs and practices.
What is the 'Transatlantic Slave Trade'?
The transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.
Define 'Puritans'.
English Protestants who sought to purify the Church of England and established colonies in New England.
What is meant by 'Plantation-Based Economy'?
An economic system reliant on large-scale agricultural operations, often using enslaved labor.
Define 'Aristocratic Social Structure'.
A social hierarchy where power and status are concentrated among a small number of wealthy landowners.
What does 'Colonization' mean?
The establishment of settlements and control over indigenous peoples and their territories by a foreign power.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of tobacco cultivation in the Chesapeake colonies?
Cause: Fertile land and demand in Europe. Effect: Reliance on indentured servants and enslaved Africans, development of a plantation-based economy.
What were the causes and effects of the diverse population in the Middle Colonies?
Cause: Dutch and English policies of religious tolerance and economic opportunity. Effect: A mix of agriculture and trade, greater religious tolerance.
What were the causes and effects of the transatlantic slave trade?
Cause: Demand for labor in the Americas, European economic interests. Effect: Profound and lasting impact on the development of the Americas, shaping its social, economic, and political landscape.
What were the causes and effects of the focus on shipbuilding in New England?
Cause: Abundance of timber and access to the sea. Effect: Development of a strong maritime economy and trade networks.
What were the causes and effects of the competition over resources between Europeans and Native Americans?
Cause: European expansion and desire for land and resources. Effect: Conflict, displacement of Native Americans, and decline in their population.
What were the causes and effects of the French establishing alliances with indigenous populations?
Cause: Desire to control fur trade and secure territory. Effect: Improved trade relations and military support.
What were the causes and effects of the Dutch promoting religious toleration and diversity?
Cause: Desire to attract settlers and boost the economy. Effect: Increased immigration and a diverse population.
What were the causes and effects of the British establishing and maintaining control over the 13 colonies?
Cause: Desire to assert authority and use them as a base for trade and economic activities. Effect: Increased trade and economic activity, but also growing resentment and resistance to British control.
What were the causes and effects of the Spanish converting indigenous populations to Catholicism?
Cause: Religious zeal and desire to control indigenous populations. Effect: Cultural assimilation and suppression of indigenous beliefs.
What were the causes and effects of the French creating a buffer zone between settlements in Canada and British colonies?
Cause: Desire to protect their territory and control trade. Effect: Increased tension and conflict with the British.