All Flashcards
Who was George Washington?
The first US President, who established many precedents and kept the US neutral.
Who was Alexander Hamilton?
The first Secretary of the Treasury, who created a financial plan to stabilize the US economy.
Who was Thomas Jefferson?
The first Secretary of State, third US President, and leader of the Democratic-Republicans.
Who was James Madison?
Drafted the Bill of Rights and co-authored the Virginia Resolutions.
Who was John Adams?
The second US President, who navigated the Quasi-War with France.
Who was John Jay?
Negotiated Jay's Treaty with Britain.
What was Washington's contribution?
Established the cabinet, maintained neutrality, and suppressed the Whiskey Rebellion, setting precedents for the presidency.
What was Hamilton's contribution?
Stabilized the US economy through his financial plan, including the assumption of state debts and the creation of a national bank.
What was Jefferson's contribution?
Advocated for states' rights and individual liberties, opposing Federalist policies.
What was Adams' contribution?
Avoided a full-scale war with France during the Quasi-War, despite domestic political challenges.
Causes and effects of Hamilton's financial plan?
Causes: US needed to stabilize its economy and strengthen the federal government. Effects: Creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts, and political divisions.
Causes and effects of the Whiskey Rebellion?
Cause: Farmers protested the whiskey tax. Effect: Showed the federal government's power and led to political divisions.
Causes and effects of the Proclamation of Neutrality?
Cause: War between Britain and France. Effect: Kept the US out of the war, allowing it time to stabilize.
Causes and effects of Jay's Treaty?
Cause: British presence along the northern border and impressment of American sailors. Effect: Further divided political parties in America.
Causes and effects of the XYZ Affair?
Cause: France was upset about Jay's Treaty. Effect: Quasi-War with France.
Causes and effects of the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Cause: Federalist desire to suppress political opposition. Effect: Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, increased political tension.
What caused the rise of political parties?
Disagreements over Hamilton's financial plan, foreign policy (French Revolution), and the extent of federal power.
Causes and effects of Washington's Farewell Address?
Cause: Washington's concern for the nation's future. Effect: Established the two-term tradition and warned against foreign alliances and political parties.
What caused the Quasi-War?
The XYZ Affair and French anger over Jay's Treaty.
Causes and effects of the Bill of Rights?
Cause: Anti-Federalist demand for protection of individual liberties. Effect: Ratification of the Constitution and guarantee of fundamental rights.
When was the Bill of Rights ratified?
- It guarantees individual liberties.
What was the Judiciary Act of 1789?
Established the structure of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts.
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
A 1794 uprising by farmers in western Pennsylvania protesting the whiskey tax; suppressed by Washington.
What was the Proclamation of Neutrality?
Issued by Washington in 1793 to keep the US out of the war between Britain and France.
What was Jay's Treaty?
A 1794 treaty with Britain that resolved some issues but was highly controversial in the US.
What was Washington's Farewell Address?
Delivered in 1796, it warned against foreign alliances and political parties.
What was the XYZ Affair?
A 1797 incident where French diplomats demanded bribes from American diplomats, leading to the Quasi-War.
What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Federalist-backed laws passed in 1798 to suppress political opposition, particularly from Democratic-Republicans.
What were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
Statements arguing for state nullification of federal laws, written by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
What was the Quasi-War?
An undeclared naval war fought between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800.