What is Nativism?
The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.
What is Transcendentalism?
A philosophical movement emphasizing intuition, spirituality, individualism, and connection to nature.
What is Romanticism?
A movement emphasizing emotion, imagination, and the beauty of nature.
What were Utopian Ideals?
The concept of creating ideal communities by withdrawing from conventional society.
What is the Hudson River School?
An American art movement that focused on painting the American landscape.
What is Civil Disobedience?
The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.
What is Self-Reliance?
Reliance on one's own powers and resources rather than those of others.
What is the Supreme Order of the Star Spangled Banner?
A secret anti-immigrant society formed in the 1840s.
What does intuition mean?
The ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning.
What is meant by 'Individualism'?
The habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant.
Who was James Fenimore Cooper?
An American writer who created a uniquely American literary style.
Who was Washington Irving?
An American writer who created a uniquely American literary style.
Who was Thomas Cole?
A painter who founded the Hudson River School, focusing on American landscapes.
Who was Asher Durand?
A painter who founded the Hudson River School, focusing on American landscapes.
Who was Ralph Waldo Emerson?
A key figure in Transcendentalism who wrote extensively on the movement and championed individual intuition.
Who was Henry David Thoreau?
A key figure in Transcendentalism who advocated for simplicity, self-sufficiency, and civil disobedience.
Who was Mother Ann Lee?
The founder of the Shakers, believed to be the feminine incarnation of Christ.
Who was William Cullen Bryant?
An American poet during the Romanticism era.
Who was Henry Wadsworth Longfellow?
An American poet during the Romanticism era.
Who was Robert Mills?
An American architect who developed a distinct American style.
Compare Romanticism and Transcendentalism.
Both emphasized emotion and intuition, but Transcendentalism focused more on individualism and a spiritual connection to nature.
Compare Irish and German immigration experiences.
Irish immigrants faced more discrimination and poverty, while German immigrants had more skills and resources.
Compare the goals of the Shakers and other Utopian communities.
Both sought to create ideal societies, but the Shakers emphasized celibacy and communal ownership, while others had different focuses.
Compare the artistic styles of the Hudson River School and European landscape painting.
The Hudson River School focused specifically on the American landscape, while European landscape painting had a broader scope.
Compare the views of Nativists and Immigrants.
Nativists feared job loss and cultural change, while immigrants sought economic opportunities and freedom.
Compare Emerson's and Thoreau's contributions to Transcendentalism.
Emerson wrote extensively on Transcendentalism, while Thoreau exemplified its principles through his lifestyle.
Compare the economic situations that caused Irish and German immigration.
The Irish immigrated due to famine and poverty, while the Germans immigrated due to economic hardship and failed democratic revolutions.
Compare the views of Transcendentalists and traditional religious authorities.
Transcendentalists emphasized intuition and inner guidance, while traditional religious authorities emphasized established doctrines and institutions.
Compare the effects of westward expansion on the North and South.
In the North, it led to industrialization and urbanization, while in the South, it reinforced the plantation system and slavery.
Compare the literary styles of James Fenimore Cooper and Washington Irving.
Both created uniquely American literary styles, but Cooper focused on adventure and frontier life, while Irving focused on satire and folklore.
