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What were the causes and effects of the rise of individualism during the Second Great Awakening?
Cause: People wanted a say in government and churches. Effect: Ministers needed to connect with people on a personal level.
What were the causes and effects of rejecting Calvinism?
Cause: Emphasis on personal responsibility and free will. Effect: Challenged traditional ideas like original sin and predestination.
What were the causes and effects of the Market Revolution on religion?
Cause: Work became less personal. Effect: People sought emotional connections in their faith.
What were the causes and effects of Finney's emphasis on free will?
Cause: Belief that sin was a choice. Effect: Departure from Calvinism and empowerment of individuals.
What were the causes and effects of the Second Great Awakening's emphasis on social reform?
Cause: Religious fervor and belief in personal responsibility. Effect: Movements like abolition and temperance gained momentum.
What were the causes and effects of circuit riders?
Cause: Desire to reach remote areas. Effect: Spread of Methodism and increased religious participation on the frontier.
What were the causes and effects of camp meetings?
Cause: Difficulty having regular churches in the South. Effect: Emotional outdoor religious events that fostered community and conversion.
What were the causes and effects of Smith's claim of divine revelations?
Cause: Desire to restore pure religion. Effect: Publication of the Book of Mormon and founding of Mormonism.
What were the causes and effects of Mormon communities facing persecution?
Cause: Religious differences and controversial practices like polygamy. Effect: Migration westward and establishment of a new home in the Great Salt Lake Valley.
What were the causes and effects of the Second Great Awakening on the decline of older denominations?
Cause: The growth of Baptists and Methodists. Effect: Decline in membership for older denominations like Congregationalists and Presbyterians.
When did the Second Great Awakening occur?
Roughly 1790 to the late 1840s.
What was the significance of camp meetings?
They were crucial for reaching people in remote areas, especially in the South, providing emotional religious experiences.
What was the impact of the Mormons establishing communities in Ohio and Missouri?
They faced persecution and mob violence, leading to their eventual migration westward.
What happened after Joseph Smith's death?
Brigham Young led the Mormons to the Great Salt Lake, establishing a new home for the faith.
What was the effect of Finney's protracted meetings?
Intended to encourage conversions through extended emotional and spiritual engagement.
What was the effect of Finney's anxious bench?
Provided a focal point for those considering conversion, increasing public attention and support.
What was the effect of Finney encouraging women to pray publicly?
Increased women's participation and influence in religious activities and family conversions.
What was the impact of the Second Great Awakening on church membership?
Increased church membership and led to the rise of new denominations.
What was the impact of the Second Great Awakening on social reform?
Sparked major social reforms, with religious groups leading movements like abolition and temperance.
What was the impact of the Second Great Awakening on education?
Led to the creation of new colleges and universities, promoting education and literacy.
Define Second Great Awakening.
A religious revival in the early 1800s that reshaped American society, politics, and culture.
What is 'original sin'?
The idea that humans are inherently flawed due to Adam and Eve's actions.
Define 'predestination'.
The belief that God has already decided who will be saved and who will be damned.
What is a 'circuit rider'?
Methodist preachers who traveled from town to town, holding revivals.
Define 'camp meetings'.
Emotional outdoor religious events, common among Baptists and Methodists.
What is the 'Book of Mormon'?
A scripture about a community of Jews who came to America before Christ, central to Mormonism.
What is 'free will' in the context of the Second Great Awakening?
The belief that sin was a choice, not a predetermined fate, and everyone has the power to be free of sin.
Define 'protracted meetings'.
All-night or multi-day religious services used during the Second Great Awakening.
What was the 'anxious bench'?
A special place for those considering conversion to receive attention during revivals.
What is meant by 'restoration of pure religion' in the context of Mormonism?
Joseph Smith's aim to restore the original Christian faith in America and establish a western Zion.