All Flashcards
Define Second Great Awakening.
A religious revival in the early 1800s that reshaped American society, politics, and culture.
What is 'original sin'?
The idea that humans are inherently flawed due to Adam and Eve's actions.
Define 'predestination'.
The belief that God has already decided who will be saved and who will be damned.
What is a 'circuit rider'?
Methodist preachers who traveled from town to town, holding revivals.
Define 'camp meetings'.
Emotional outdoor religious events, common among Baptists and Methodists.
What is the 'Book of Mormon'?
A scripture about a community of Jews who came to America before Christ, central to Mormonism.
What is 'free will' in the context of the Second Great Awakening?
The belief that sin was a choice, not a predetermined fate, and everyone has the power to be free of sin.
Define 'protracted meetings'.
All-night or multi-day religious services used during the Second Great Awakening.
What was the 'anxious bench'?
A special place for those considering conversion to receive attention during revivals.
What is meant by 'restoration of pure religion' in the context of Mormonism?
Joseph Smith's aim to restore the original Christian faith in America and establish a western Zion.
Who was Charles Grandison Finney?
A rockstar preacher of the Second Great Awakening who emphasized free will and social reform.
Who was Joseph Smith?
The founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons).
Who was Brigham Young?
Led the Mormons to the Great Salt Lake after Joseph Smith's death.
Who was Peter Cartwright?
A Methodist circuit rider who traveled from town to town, holding dramatic revivals.
What was Charles Grandison Finney's contribution to social reform?
He was a big advocate for social justice, speaking out against slavery and for women's rights.
What was Joseph Smith's main contribution?
Claimed to have received divine revelations, leading to the publication of the Book of Mormon and the founding of Mormonism.
What was Brigham Young's main contribution?
Successfully led the Mormon community westward, establishing a new home for the faith in the Great Salt Lake Valley.
What was Peter Cartwright's main contribution?
Effectively spread Methodism across the American frontier through his dynamic preaching and camp meetings.
What was Finney's impact on religious practices?
Introduced new methods like protracted meetings and the anxious bench to encourage conversions.
What was Joseph Smith's impact on American religion?
Founded a new religious movement, Mormonism, which offered a unique interpretation of Christianity.
Compare the First and Second Great Awakenings.
The Second Great Awakening sparked major social reforms, unlike the First Great Awakening.
Compare Calvinism and Finney's teachings.
Calvinism emphasized predestination, while Finney emphasized free will.
Compare the approaches of Baptists and Methodists during the Second Great Awakening.
Both used emotional appeals, but Methodists relied on circuit riders while Baptists often organized camp meetings.
Compare the religious landscape before and after the Second Great Awakening.
Before: Established churches dominated. After: Rise of new denominations and a shift towards more emotional religious experiences.
Compare the role of women before and during the Second Great Awakening.
Before: Limited participation. During: Played a key role in converting families and communities.
Compare the views on slavery before and after the Second Great Awakening.
Before: More acceptance. After: Increased opposition and the rise of abolitionist movements.
Compare the focus of religious leaders before and during the Second Great Awakening.
Before: More on doctrine. During: More on personal experience and social reform.
Compare the impact of the First and Second Great Awakenings on education.
First: Led to the creation of some colleges. Second: Led to more widespread educational growth and literacy.
Compare the geographic spread of the First and Second Great Awakenings.
First: Primarily in the colonies. Second: Spread across the expanding United States, particularly in the South and on the frontier.
Compare the relationship between religion and social reform before and during the Second Great Awakening.
Before: Less direct connection. During: Stronger link, with religious groups actively leading social reform movements.