A former slave who bought his freedom and planned a major revolt in Charleston, SC, in 1822.

An enslaved Baptist preacher who led a slave rebellion in 1831, killing 55 white people.

A key 'conductor' on the Underground Railroad, helping over 300 slaves escape to freedom.

Wrote Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, a radical abolitionist text calling for resistance.

A euphemism for slavery used by some whites who felt uneasy about the practice.

A system where slaves worked in large groups under an overseer from sun-up to sun-down, common in the Cotton Belt.

A system where slaves had more autonomy, completing specific tasks within a set timeframe, common in rice cultivation areas.

The act of an owner freeing their slave.

A network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved African Americans to escape to freedom in the North and Canada.

Laws enacted in the Southern states of America which regulated the system of slavery and the enslaved population.

The trade of slaves within the borders of the United States, particularly from the Upper South to the Deep South.

A social and political movement dedicated to ending slavery.

Nonviolent methods of resistance used by enslaved people, such as slowing down work, feigning illness, or sabotage.

The first black-run Protestant church, formed in response to discrimination in the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Cause: Denmark Vesey's desire to end slavery. Effect: Stricter slave codes and greater repression in South Carolina.

Cause: Nat Turner's belief he was chosen by God to lead his people to freedom. Effect: Increased fear and harsher laws against enslaved people in the South.

Cause: Racism and social inequality. Effect: Formation of the African Methodist Episcopal Church and participation in the Abolitionist movement.

Cause: Enslaved people's desire for freedom and the assistance of abolitionists. Effect: Helped thousands of slaves escape to the North and Canada, challenging the institution of slavery.

Cause: Desire to maintain power and profit. Effect: Reinforcement of the institution of slavery and moral opposition from abolitionists.

Cause: Demand for labor in the Deep South due to cotton profits. Effect: Forced migration of slaves from the Upper South to the Deep South, disrupting families and communities.

Cause: Limited opportunities for violent revolt and desire to maintain dignity. Effect: Slowdowns, sabotage, and other forms of resistance that challenged the system of slavery.

Cause: Walker's radical abolitionist beliefs and desire to incite resistance. Effect: Increased awareness of the injustices of slavery and calls for immediate action.

Cause: Fear of slave revolts and desire to maintain control over the enslaved population. Effect: Increased restrictions on the freedom and movement of enslaved people.

Cause: The South's reliance on slave labor for economic stability and growth. Effect: Justification of slavery as essential for economic prosperity, despite moral objections.