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What were the causes and effects of the Louisiana Purchase?
Cause: France needed money, Jefferson wanted to expand US. Effect: Doubled the size of the US, opened new lands, increased US power.
What were the causes and effects of Marbury v. Madison?
Cause: Dispute over a judicial appointment. Effect: Established judicial review, strengthened the Supreme Court.
What were the causes and effects of the Embargo Act of 1807?
Cause: To avoid war with Britain and France. Effect: Devastated the American economy, increased smuggling.
What were the causes and effects of McCulloch v. Maryland?
Cause: Maryland attempted to tax the national bank. Effect: Upheld the national bank's constitutionality, affirmed implied powers.
What were the causes and effects of Gibbons v. Ogden?
Cause: Dispute over steamboat operation rights. Effect: Affirmed federal power over interstate commerce.
What were the causes and effects of the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Cause: Federalist desire to suppress dissent. Effect: Increased unpopularity of the Federalists, contributed to their decline.
What were the causes and effects of the decline of the Federalist Party?
Cause: Unpopular policies, Alien and Sedition Acts, death of Hamilton. Effect: Rise of Democratic-Republicans, Era of Good Feelings.
What were the causes and effects of the War of 1812?
Cause: British impressment of sailors, trade restrictions. Effect: Increased American nationalism, decline of the Federalist Party.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of abolitionism?
Cause: Religious and moral opposition to slavery. Effect: Increased sectional tensions, contributed to the Civil War.
What were the causes and effects of the end of the National Bank (1811)?
Cause: Jefferson vetoed its renewal, weakening Federalists. Effect: Economic instability, need for a new national bank later.
Define 'First Party System'.
The political system in the US, late 1700s-early 1800s, defined by the rivalry between the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
Define 'Loose Interpretation' of the Constitution.
Belief that the federal government has powers beyond those specifically listed in the Constitution.
Define 'Strict Interpretation' of the Constitution.
Belief that the federal government only has the powers specifically listed in the Constitution.
Define 'Judicial Review'.
The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional, established in Marbury v. Madison.
Define 'Implied Powers'.
Powers of the federal government not explicitly stated in the Constitution but implied by the 'necessary and proper' clause.
Define 'Interstate Commerce'.
Trade, traffic, or transportation between different states, regulated by the federal government.
Define 'Tribal Sovereignty'.
The inherent authority of indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of the United States.
Define 'Sectionalism'.
Loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole.
Define 'Abolitionism'.
The movement to end slavery.
Define 'Agrarian'.
Relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land.
Who was Alexander Hamilton?
Leader of the Federalist Party, advocated for a national bank and strong central government.
Who was Thomas Jefferson?
Leader of the Democratic-Republican Party, favored states' rights and an agrarian economy; 3rd President.
Who was John Adams?
2nd President of the United States, Federalist.
Who was James Madison?
A leader of the Democratic-Republican Party, 4th President of the United States.
Who was John Marshall?
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, strengthened the power of the federal government.
Who were Lewis and Clark?
Explorers commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase.
Who was William Marbury?
Appointed as a justice of the peace by President Adams, his suit led to Marbury v. Madison.
Who was James Monroe?
5th President of the United States.
Who was John Quincy Adams?
6th President of the United States.
Who was Andrew Jackson?
7th President of the United States.