All Flashcards
What is the definition of the Market Revolution?
A period of economic expansion and growth in the U.S. during the early 19th century, marked by new technologies, increased productivity, and the transformation of the economy from agrarian to industrial.
What is the definition of the Lowell System?
A factory system in Lowell, Massachusetts, that employed young, single women in textile mills with strict discipline and long working hours.
What is the definition of Social Mobility?
The ability of individuals to move up or down the social and economic ladder, affected by the Market Revolution.
What is the definition of Nativists?
Those who opposed immigration, believing that immigrants were a threat to American culture and values. They advocated for stricter immigration laws and regulations.
What is the definition of the Cult of Domesticity?
Societal expectation that women should prioritize their roles as wives and mothers and focus on domestic duties.
What is the definition of Social Darwinism?
Belief that society should allow the strongest to rise to the top, while the weaker should fail, used to justify inequality.
Define Wage Labor.
A system where workers are paid a fixed amount for their labor, rather than producing goods for themselves.
Define Trade Unions.
Organizations of workers who come together to achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, and attaining better wages, benefits (such as vacation, health care, and retirement), and working conditions through the increased bargaining power afforded by solidarity among workers.
What is meant by 'commercial farming'?
Agricultural production for sale, rather than for personal consumption.
Define 'urbanization'.
The process of population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding increase in the size of cities, and the societal changes accompanying this growth.
What was the significance of the rise of factories during the Market Revolution?
Mass production changed how goods were made, leading to increased efficiency and lower costs, but also altered labor practices.
What was the significance of the growth of new cities during the Market Revolution?
Attracted immigrants and fueled by industrial growth, but also faced challenges such as overcrowding and poor sanitation.
What was the impact of the Expansion of Slavery?
The growth of the cotton industry in the South led to an increased demand for enslaved labor, contributing to the division of the country and ultimately the Civil War.
What was the effect of increased immigration during the Market Revolution?
The influx of immigrants from Europe led to increased competition for jobs and housing, as well as tensions with native-born Americans.
What was the impact of new transportation during the Market Revolution?
Steamboats, canals, and railroads made it easier to move goods and people, connecting markets and fueling economic growth.
What was the effect of shift to a market economy?
Buying and selling became the norm, replacing bartering and self-sufficiency, leading to greater economic specialization and interdependence.
What was the Commonwealth v. Hunt case (1842)?
Established the legality of labor unions and the right to strike.
What were the challenges of urbanization?
Overcrowding, disease, poverty, and crime.
What were the positive aspects of urbanization?
Rise of a new middle class, growth of a more diverse population, and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in America.
What new job opportunities were available for women?
Domestic service, teaching, and factory work (e.g., Lowell Girls).
Who were the Lowell Girls?
Young, single women employed in textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts, who faced strict discipline and long hours.