All Flashcards
Who was Abraham Lincoln?
President of the United States during the Civil War, he proposed the 10% Plan for Reconstruction.
Who was Andrew Johnson?
President after Lincoln's assassination, his lenient Reconstruction policies were opposed by Congress.
Who were Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram Revels?
The first African American congressmen during Reconstruction.
Who was Edwin Stanton?
Secretary of War whose attempted firing by Johnson led to Johnson's impeachment.
What role did Ulysses S. Grant play in Reconstruction?
As President (1869-1877), he supported Congressional Reconstruction and attempted to protect Black voting rights.
Who were the Radical Republicans?
A group of Republicans in Congress who advocated for strong measures to punish the South and protect the rights of African Americans.
What was Thaddeus Stevens's role in Reconstruction?
A leader of the Radical Republicans in the House of Representatives, advocating for Black rights and land redistribution.
What was Charles Sumner's role in Reconstruction?
A leader of the Radical Republicans in the Senate, advocating for Black rights and equality.
Who were carpetbaggers?
Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction, often seeking economic or political opportunities.
Who were scalawags?
White Southerners who cooperated with Reconstruction governments.
When was the 13th Amendment ratified? What did it do?
- Abolished slavery in the United States.
When was the 14th Amendment ratified? What did it do?
- Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all people born or naturalized in the US.
When was the 15th Amendment ratified? What did it do?
- Granted African American men the right to vote.
What happened in 1864 regarding Reconstruction?
Congress passed the Wade-Davis Bill, but Lincoln pocket-vetoed it.
When was the Freedmen's Bureau established?
March 1865.
What was the significance of the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
Declared all people born in the US citizens, reinforcing the 14th Amendment.
What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 do?
Divided the South into five military districts and outlined requirements for readmission to the Union.
When did Johnson's impeachment occur?
What was the effect of Lincoln's assassination on Reconstruction?
It led to Andrew Johnson becoming president, whose lenient policies clashed with Congress.
What was the Compromise of 1877?
An informal agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election; federal troops were withdrawn from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction.
Compare Lincoln's and Johnson's Reconstruction plans.
Both were lenient towards the South, but Johnson's plan allowed for Black Codes, which Lincoln likely would have opposed.
Compare Presidential and Congressional Reconstruction.
Presidential Reconstruction was lenient and focused on quick reunification, while Congressional Reconstruction was stricter and aimed to protect Black rights.
Compare Black Codes and Jim Crow laws.
Black Codes came first, limiting freedom after the Civil War. Jim Crow laws came later, enforcing segregation in the late 19th and 20th centuries.
Compare the 14th and 15th Amendments.
The 14th Amendment granted citizenship and equal protection, while the 15th Amendment granted voting rights to African American men.
Compare the goals of the Freedmen's Bureau and the Black Codes.
The Freedmen's Bureau aimed to help formerly enslaved people, while the Black Codes aimed to restrict their rights and freedoms.
Compare the Wade-Davis Bill and Lincoln's 10% Plan.
The Wade-Davis Bill was much stricter, requiring 50% of voters to take a loyalty oath, while Lincoln's 10% Plan was more lenient.
Compare the goals of Radical Republicans and Southern Democrats during Reconstruction.
Radical Republicans aimed to protect Black rights and punish the South, while Southern Democrats sought to restore white supremacy and limit federal intervention.
Compare the impact of the 13th Amendment with that of the 14th Amendment.
The 13th Amendment abolished slavery, while the 14th Amendment granted citizenship and equal protection under the law, providing a broader foundation for civil rights.
Compare the short-term and long-term effects of Reconstruction.
Short-term: some progress in black political participation and education. Long-term: failure to achieve full equality, rise of Jim Crow laws.
Compare the role of the federal government before and after Reconstruction.
Before: limited role in protecting individual rights. After: more powerful, with a mandate to protect citizens' rights, though often inconsistently applied.