All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of Lincoln's assassination?
Cause: Lincoln's lenient Reconstruction plan angered some. Effect: Andrew Johnson became president, leading to clashes with Congress.
What were the causes and effects of the Black Codes?
Cause: Southern states wanted to maintain white supremacy. Effect: Restricted African Americans' rights and led to Congressional Reconstruction.
What were the causes and effects of Johnson's impeachment?
Cause: Johnson's opposition to Congressional Reconstruction. Effect: Weakened the presidency and strengthened Congressional control over Reconstruction.
What were the causes and effects of the Reconstruction Act of 1867?
Cause: Radical Republicans sought to protect Black rights. Effect: The South was divided into military districts, and states had to ratify the 14th Amendment.
What were the causes and effects of the 15th Amendment?
Cause: To grant black men the right to vote. Effect: Increased black political participation, but faced resistance in the South.
What were the causes and effects of the Compromise of 1877?
Cause: Disputed presidential election of 1876. Effect: Withdrawal of federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction.
What were the causes and effects of the formation of the Ku Klux Klan?
Cause: White Southerners resisted Reconstruction and black equality. Effect: Violence and intimidation against African Americans and their supporters.
What were the causes and effects of the Freedmen's Bureau?
Cause: To aid formerly enslaved people and poor whites in the South. Effect: Provided education, food, and medical care, but faced limited resources and opposition.
What were the causes and effects of the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
Cause: To counter the Black Codes and protect the rights of African Americans. Effect: Declared all people born in the US citizens, but was later challenged and reinforced by the 14th Amendment.
What were the causes and effects of the Panic of 1873?
Cause: Economic downturn. Effect: Diverted attention from Reconstruction, weakening support for federal intervention in the South.
Who was Abraham Lincoln?
President of the United States during the Civil War, he proposed the 10% Plan for Reconstruction.
Who was Andrew Johnson?
President after Lincoln's assassination, his lenient Reconstruction policies were opposed by Congress.
Who were Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram Revels?
The first African American congressmen during Reconstruction.
Who was Edwin Stanton?
Secretary of War whose attempted firing by Johnson led to Johnson's impeachment.
What role did Ulysses S. Grant play in Reconstruction?
As President (1869-1877), he supported Congressional Reconstruction and attempted to protect Black voting rights.
Who were the Radical Republicans?
A group of Republicans in Congress who advocated for strong measures to punish the South and protect the rights of African Americans.
What was Thaddeus Stevens's role in Reconstruction?
A leader of the Radical Republicans in the House of Representatives, advocating for Black rights and land redistribution.
What was Charles Sumner's role in Reconstruction?
A leader of the Radical Republicans in the Senate, advocating for Black rights and equality.
Who were carpetbaggers?
Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction, often seeking economic or political opportunities.
Who were scalawags?
White Southerners who cooperated with Reconstruction governments.
When was the 13th Amendment ratified? What did it do?
- Abolished slavery in the United States.
When was the 14th Amendment ratified? What did it do?
- Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all people born or naturalized in the US.
When was the 15th Amendment ratified? What did it do?
- Granted African American men the right to vote.
What happened in 1864 regarding Reconstruction?
Congress passed the Wade-Davis Bill, but Lincoln pocket-vetoed it.
When was the Freedmen's Bureau established?
March 1865.
What was the significance of the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
Declared all people born in the US citizens, reinforcing the 14th Amendment.
What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 do?
Divided the South into five military districts and outlined requirements for readmission to the Union.
When did Johnson's impeachment occur?
What was the effect of Lincoln's assassination on Reconstruction?
It led to Andrew Johnson becoming president, whose lenient policies clashed with Congress.
What was the Compromise of 1877?
An informal agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election; federal troops were withdrawn from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction.