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All Flashcards
What caused the Pendleton Act?
Assassination of Garfield and the need to reduce corruption in government.
What were the effects of the McKinley Tariff Act?
Raised tariff duties, protected domestic industries, increased consumer prices.
What caused the Panic of 1893?
Stock market crash, railroad failures, run on gold reserves.
What were the effects of the Panic of 1893?
Bank failures, business closures, high unemployment.
What caused the rise of the Populist Party?
Farmers' grievances, economic hardship, desire for political reform.
What were the effects of the Sherman Antitrust Act?
Initially limited impact, but set a precedent for regulating big business.
What caused the Sherman Silver Purchase Act?
Pressure from silver supporters to increase the money supply.
What were the effects of the Dawes Act?
Loss of Native American land, erosion of tribal culture, failed assimilation.
What caused the Interstate Commerce Act?
Public demand to regulate railroad monopolies and unfair practices.
What caused the rise of political machines?
Rapid urbanization, immigration, and lack of social services.
When was the Pendleton Civil Service Act?
1883. It established a merit-based system for government jobs.
What was the Bland-Allison Act?
An 1878 act requiring the government to purchase and coin silver.
What was the Sherman Antitrust Act?
1890 act to limit monopolies, but initially ineffective.
What was the McKinley Tariff Act?
1890 act that raised tariff duties to unprecedented levels.
What was the Sherman Silver Purchase Act?
1890 act increasing silver purchases but failing to satisfy silver supporters.
What was the Panic of 1893?
A severe economic depression triggered by a stock market crash.
What was Coxey's Army?
A protest march in 1894 demanding government jobs for the unemployed.
What was the Dawes Act?
An 1887 act intended to assimilate Native Americans by dividing tribal lands.
What was the Interstate Commerce Act?
An 1887 act that created the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroads.
What was the Omaha Platform?
The 1892 platform of the Populist Party outlining their political and economic reforms.
What is the spoils system?
The practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs.
Define 'Waving the Bloody Shirt'.
A Republican tactic of invoking Civil War memories to gain support.
What is a political machine?
A political organization that controls votes and patronage in a city or district.
What is patronage?
The power to control appointments to office or the right to privileges.
Define 'laissez-faire' economics.
An economic system with minimal government intervention.
What is civil service?
A system of hiring and promoting government employees based on merit.
What is the gold standard?
A monetary system where a country's currency is directly convertible to gold.
Define 'trust' in the context of the Gilded Age.
A large business combination that seeks to monopolize a market.
What is a protective tariff?
A tax on imported goods designed to protect domestic industries.
Define 'initiative' and 'referendum'.
Initiative: voters propose laws; Referendum: voters approve laws.