What is the Homestead Act?
A government act offering free land in the West as an incentive to settlers.
What was the Concentration Policy?
Government policy in 1851 defining specific reservation boundaries for each Native American tribe.
What is the Ghost Dance movement?
A Native American religious movement promising a return to the old ways and the disappearance of white settlers.
What is the Dawes Act?
Also known as the General Allotment Act, this law aimed to assimilate Native Americans by dividing tribal lands into individual allotments.
What is the significance of Munn v. Illinois?
A Supreme Court case that established states' power to regulate commerce within their borders.
What is the Interstate Commerce Act?
The first federal law aimed at regulating industry, especially railroads.
Define Assimilation.
The process of forcing Native Americans to adopt white American culture.
What were Bonanza Farms?
Large farms that small farmers struggled to compete with.
What was the Indian Intercourse Act of 1834?
Act that restricted white access to the West, which was considered "Indian Country."
What is meant by "closing of the frontier"?
The US Census Bureau declared the American frontier closed in 1890, marking the end of westward expansion.
When was the Sand Creek Massacre?
1864. Colorado military attacked a peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho camp.
When was the Battle of Little Bighorn?
1876. Custer and his men were defeated by Sioux forces.
When was the Wounded Knee Massacre?
1890. Marked the end of major armed resistance by Native Americans; around 200 Native Americans were killed.
When was the Dawes Act passed?
1887. Aimed to assimilate Native Americans by dividing tribal lands.
When did the US Census Bureau declare the frontier closed?
1890. Signaled a shift from expansion to industrialization and urbanization.
When was the Indian Intercourse Act?
1834. Restricted white access to the West, which was considered "Indian Country."
When was the Concentration Policy?
1851. The government defined specific reservation boundaries for each tribe.
When was Munn v. Illinois?
1877. This Supreme Court case established states' power to regulate commerce within their borders.
When was the Interstate Commerce Act?
1887. The first federal law aimed at regulating industry, especially railroads.
What was the goal of the Ghost Dance movement?
To restore Native American lands and bring back the bison.
Who was Chief Black Kettle?
Cheyenne chief who attempted to signal peace at Sand Creek but was attacked.
Who was George Armstrong Custer?
Lieutenant Colonel who underestimated the size of the Sioux force at Little Bighorn and was killed.
Who was Colonel John Chivington?
Led the Colorado military in the brutal attack at Sand Creek.
