All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of the Sand Creek Massacre?
Cause: White settlers' desire for land and anti-Native American sentiment. Effect: Murder of peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho, increased tensions.
What were the causes and effects of the Battle of Little Bighorn?
Cause: Custer's underestimation of Sioux forces and US expansion. Effect: Sioux victory, fueled public anger and calls for revenge.
What were the causes and effects of the Ghost Dance movement?
Cause: Native American desire to restore their lands and culture. Effect: Government fear, leading to the Wounded Knee Massacre.
What were the causes and effects of the Wounded Knee Massacre?
Cause: US Army intervention to stop the Ghost Dance. Effect: End of major armed Native American resistance, death of hundreds of Native Americans.
What were the causes and effects of the Dawes Act?
Cause: US government's desire to assimilate Native Americans. Effect: Loss of Native American land, destruction of tribal sovereignty, population decline.
What were the causes and effects of falling prices for farmer's goods?
Cause: Economic struggles for farmers. Effect: Farmers organized to address their economic challenges.
What were the causes and effects of monopolies?
Cause: Trusts in the East, like Standard Oil, kept prices high for manufactured goods. Effect: Small farmers struggled to compete with large bonanza farms.
What were the causes and effects of the Homestead Act?
Cause: Government desire to populate the West. Effect: Increased settlement, displacement of Native Americans.
Who was Chief Black Kettle?
Cheyenne chief who attempted to signal peace at Sand Creek but was attacked.
Who was George Armstrong Custer?
Lieutenant Colonel who underestimated the size of the Sioux force at Little Bighorn and was killed.
Who was Colonel John Chivington?
Led the Colorado military in the brutal attack at Sand Creek.
When was the Sand Creek Massacre?
- Colorado military attacked a peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho camp.
When was the Battle of Little Bighorn?
- Custer and his men were defeated by Sioux forces.
When was the Wounded Knee Massacre?
- Marked the end of major armed resistance by Native Americans; around 200 Native Americans were killed.
When was the Dawes Act passed?
- Aimed to assimilate Native Americans by dividing tribal lands.
When did the US Census Bureau declare the frontier closed?
- Signaled a shift from expansion to industrialization and urbanization.
When was the Indian Intercourse Act?
- Restricted white access to the West, which was considered "Indian Country."
When was the Concentration Policy?
- The government defined specific reservation boundaries for each tribe.
When was Munn v. Illinois?
- This Supreme Court case established states' power to regulate commerce within their borders.
When was the Interstate Commerce Act?
- The first federal law aimed at regulating industry, especially railroads.
What was the goal of the Ghost Dance movement?
To restore Native American lands and bring back the bison.