All Flashcards
What was the significance of the Civil Rights Cases of 1883?
The Supreme Court ruled that Congress could not regulate private racial discrimination, weakening the Fourteenth Amendment.
What was the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?
The Supreme Court established the 'separate but equal' doctrine, legalizing segregation and ushering in the Jim Crow Era.
What was the effect of the end of Reconstruction on the South?
It led to the rise of Jim Crow laws, voter suppression, and the entrenchment of racial segregation.
What was the impact of the KKK's activities in the South?
The KKK used violence and intimidation to suppress Black voters and political participation, undermining Reconstruction efforts.
What was the economic state of the South after the Civil War?
The South remained primarily agricultural and the poorest region in the U.S., despite efforts to promote industrial growth.
What was the goal of the 'New South' movement?
To promote industrialization, economic diversification, and modern capitalist values in the South.
What impact did voter suppression tactics have on African Americans?
Tactics such as literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses effectively disenfranchised African American voters.
What was the effect of sharecropping and tenant farming on African Americans?
These systems perpetuated economic exploitation and limited social mobility for many former slaves.
What was the impact of lynching in the South?
Lynching was widespread and used as a tool of racial terror to maintain white supremacy and suppress African American rights.
What was the impact of white primaries in the South?
White primaries effectively excluded African Americans from the electoral process, further limiting their political power.
Who was Henry Grady?
Editor of the Atlanta Constitution who promoted the vision of a 'New South' with industrial growth and laissez-faire capitalism.
Who was Booker T. Washington?
An African American leader who advocated for vocational training and economic self-reliance as a path to equality.
Who was W.E.B. DuBois?
An African American leader who advocated for immediate civil rights and higher education for Black individuals.
Who was Ida B. Wells?
An African American journalist and activist who fought against lynching and advocated for civil rights.
What is sharecropping?
A system where landowners provide resources to farmers in exchange for a portion of the crops.
What is tenant farming?
A system where landowners rent out land to farmers, who pay rent through their crops.
Define laissez-faire capitalism.
An economic system where transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs, and subsidies.
What are Jim Crow laws?
State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.
What is a grandfather clause?
A law that allowed people to vote if their grandfather had voted before Reconstruction, effectively disenfranchising African Americans.
What is a poll tax?
A fee required to vote, used to disenfranchise African American voters.
What is a literacy test?
A difficult test designed to prevent African Americans from voting.
What is meant by the 'New South'?
The post-Civil War South's attempt to redefine itself through industrial growth and modern capitalist values.
What is a white primary?
A primary election open only to white voters, effectively excluding African Americans from the electoral process.
Define the 'separate but equal' doctrine.
The legal principle established in Plessy v. Ferguson that allowed state-sponsored segregation as long as the separate facilities were equal.