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What was the significance of the Civil Rights Cases of 1883?
The Supreme Court ruled that Congress could not regulate private racial discrimination, weakening the Fourteenth Amendment.
What was the significance of *Plessy v. Ferguson* (1896)?
The Supreme Court established the 'separate but equal' doctrine, legalizing segregation and ushering in the Jim Crow Era.
What was the effect of the end of Reconstruction on the South?
It led to the rise of Jim Crow laws, voter suppression, and the entrenchment of racial segregation.
What was the impact of the KKK's activities in the South?
The KKK used violence and intimidation to suppress Black voters and political participation, undermining Reconstruction efforts.
What was the economic state of the South after the Civil War?
The South remained primarily agricultural and the poorest region in the U.S., despite efforts to promote industrial growth.
What was the goal of the 'New South' movement?
To promote industrialization, economic diversification, and modern capitalist values in the South.
What impact did voter suppression tactics have on African Americans?
Tactics such as literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses effectively disenfranchised African American voters.
What was the effect of sharecropping and tenant farming on African Americans?
These systems perpetuated economic exploitation and limited social mobility for many former slaves.
What was the impact of lynching in the South?
Lynching was widespread and used as a tool of racial terror to maintain white supremacy and suppress African American rights.
What was the impact of white primaries in the South?
White primaries effectively excluded African Americans from the electoral process, further limiting their political power.
Who was Henry Grady?
Editor of the *Atlanta Constitution* who promoted the vision of a 'New South' with industrial growth and *laissez-faire* capitalism.
Who was Booker T. Washington?
An African American leader who advocated for vocational training and economic self-reliance as a path to equality.
Who was W.E.B. DuBois?
An African American leader who advocated for immediate civil rights and higher education for Black individuals.
Who was Ida B. Wells?
An African American journalist and activist who fought against lynching and advocated for civil rights.
What were the causes and effects of *Plessy v. Ferguson*?
Cause: Desire to maintain racial segregation. Effect: Legalized segregation, established 'separate but equal' doctrine, ushered in the Jim Crow Era.
What were the causes and effects of voter suppression tactics in the South?
Cause: Desire to disenfranchise African American voters. Effect: Reduced Black political participation, maintained white supremacy.
What were the causes and effects of the Civil Rights Cases of 1883?
Cause: Supreme Court interpretation of the 14th Amendment. Effect: Weakened federal protection against private racial discrimination.
What were the causes and effects of sharecropping and tenant farming?
Cause: Need for labor after the end of slavery. Effect: Perpetuated economic exploitation and limited social mobility for African Americans.
What were the causes and effects of the 'New South' movement?
Cause: Desire to modernize the Southern economy. Effect: Some industrial growth, but the South remained largely agricultural and the poorest region.
What were the causes and effects of the KKK's violence?
Cause: White supremacist ideology and resistance to Reconstruction. Effect: Suppression of Black voters, intimidation, and maintenance of racial hierarchy.