All Flashcards
What is "Old Immigrants"?
Immigrants from Northern and Western Europe before the 1890s.
What is "New Immigrants"?
Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe after the 1890s.
What is an Ethnic Enclave?
A neighborhood where immigrants from the same country or culture live together, preserving their traditions.
What are Push Factors?
Conditions that force people to leave their home country (e.g., poverty, famine, war).
What are Pull Factors?
Conditions that attract people to a new country (e.g., jobs, freedom, opportunity).
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
Federal law prohibiting Chinese laborers from immigrating to the US. A major example of nativism.
What is the Immigration Restriction League?
An organization that advocated for limiting immigration, especially from Southern and Eastern Europe.
What are Settlement Houses?
Community centers that provided services to immigrants and the poor. Jane Addams' Hull House is a great example.
What is Ellis Island?
The main immigration processing center in New York Harbor.
What is Americanization?
The process of assimilating immigrants into American society.
What was the Gilded Age?
A period of rapid industrialization, economic growth, and massive immigration in the US (1865-1898).
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
A law banning Chinese laborers from immigrating to the US, reflecting nativism and discrimination.
What was the Great Migration?
The movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North and Midwest, seeking jobs and escaping racial discrimination.
What was the significance of the opening of Ellis Island in 1892?
It became the main entry point for European immigrants into the US.
What was the purpose of the Immigration Restriction League (1894)?
To push for stricter immigration laws and literacy tests.
What was the impact of rural to urban migration?
Led to rapid urbanization as people moved from farms to cities for work and better opportunities.
What was the role of Angel Island?
Main entry point for Asian immigrants; often more restrictive than Ellis Island.
What were the goals of Americanization?
Promote national unity, teach English, American customs, and civic values to immigrants.
What were the criticisms of Political Machines?
Corrupt practices, ties to criminal organizations, focused on self-interest, lack of representation for minority groups.
What were the arguments for Political Machines?
Provided essential services to immigrants and the poor (jobs, housing, food), helped assimilate immigrants into urban life.
Compare "old" and "new" immigrants.
Old: Northern/Western Europe, Protestant, more skilled. New: Southern/Eastern Europe, Catholic/Jewish/Orthodox, less skilled, poorer.
Compare Ellis Island and Angel Island.
Ellis: European immigrants, New York. Angel: Asian immigrants, San Francisco, more restrictive.
Compare immigration before and after the Civil War.
Similarities: Driven by economic opportunities, large numbers of European immigrants. Differences: Pre-Civil War: Mostly Northern and Western Europe; farmers and rural people. Post-Civil War: Shift to Southern and Eastern Europe; more urban and skilled workers.
Compare the motivations for European and Asian immigrants.
Both sought economic opportunities, but Asian immigrants often faced greater discrimination and stricter immigration policies.
Compare the experiences of immigrants in urban and rural areas.
Urban: More job opportunities but also overcrowding and poverty. Rural: Fewer opportunities but potentially less discrimination.
Compare the views of nativists and immigrants.
Nativists: Feared immigrants would change American culture and take jobs. Immigrants: Sought better lives and opportunities.
Compare the impact of industrialization on immigration and urbanization.
Industrialization fueled both immigration (jobs) and urbanization (growth of cities).
Compare push and pull factors in immigration.
Push factors force people to leave their home countries, while pull factors attract them to a new country.
Compare the goals of Americanization with the preservation of ethnic enclaves.
Americanization aimed to assimilate immigrants, while ethnic enclaves sought to preserve their traditions and culture.
Compare the role of political machines in helping and exploiting immigrants.
Political machines provided essential services but also engaged in corrupt practices.