All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of the shift from "old" to "new" immigration?
Causes: Industrialization, economic opportunities, push factors in Southern/Eastern Europe. Effects: Nativism, discrimination, calls for immigration restrictions.
What were the causes and effects of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
Causes: Nativism, economic competition, racial prejudice. Effects: Banned Chinese laborers, limited Chinese immigration, increased discrimination.
What were the causes and effects of the Great Migration?
Causes: Racial discrimination in the South, job opportunities in the North. Effects: Increased African American population in Northern cities, cultural changes, continued discrimination.
What were the causes and effects of nativism during the Gilded Age?
Causes: Economic competition, cultural fears, racial prejudice. Effects: Immigration restrictions, discrimination, violence against immigrants.
What were the causes and effects of rural to urban migration?
Causes: More job opportunities, higher wages in cities, desire for social and cultural activities. Effects: Rapid urbanization, overcrowding, social problems.
What were the causes and effects of Americanization?
Causes: Desire to promote national unity, assimilate immigrants. Effects: Cultural loss for some immigrants, suppression of immigrant cultures.
What were the push and pull factors for immigration during the Gilded Age?
Push: Poverty, famine, persecution, political instability. Pull: Economic opportunities, jobs, freedom, family reunification.
What were the effects of the opening of Ellis Island?
Became the main entry point for European immigrants into the US, leading to a surge in immigration.
What were the effects of the Immigration Restriction League?
Pushed for stricter immigration laws and literacy tests, contributing to the rise of nativism.
What were the causes of the rise of political machines?
Rapid urbanization, influx of immigrants needing assistance, weak city governments.
What was the Gilded Age?
A period of rapid industrialization, economic growth, and massive immigration in the US (1865-1898).
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
A law banning Chinese laborers from immigrating to the US, reflecting nativism and discrimination.
What was the Great Migration?
The movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North and Midwest, seeking jobs and escaping racial discrimination.
What was the significance of the opening of Ellis Island in 1892?
It became the main entry point for European immigrants into the US.
What was the purpose of the Immigration Restriction League (1894)?
To push for stricter immigration laws and literacy tests.
What was the impact of rural to urban migration?
Led to rapid urbanization as people moved from farms to cities for work and better opportunities.
What was the role of Angel Island?
Main entry point for Asian immigrants; often more restrictive than Ellis Island.
What were the goals of Americanization?
Promote national unity, teach English, American customs, and civic values to immigrants.
What were the criticisms of Political Machines?
Corrupt practices, ties to criminal organizations, focused on self-interest, lack of representation for minority groups.
What were the arguments for Political Machines?
Provided essential services to immigrants and the poor (jobs, housing, food), helped assimilate immigrants into urban life.
What is "Old Immigrants"?
Immigrants from Northern and Western Europe before the 1890s.
What is "New Immigrants"?
Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe after the 1890s.
What is an Ethnic Enclave?
A neighborhood where immigrants from the same country or culture live together, preserving their traditions.
What are Push Factors?
Conditions that force people to leave their home country (e.g., poverty, famine, war).
What are Pull Factors?
Conditions that attract people to a new country (e.g., jobs, freedom, opportunity).
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
Federal law prohibiting Chinese laborers from immigrating to the US. A major example of nativism.
What is the Immigration Restriction League?
An organization that advocated for limiting immigration, especially from Southern and Eastern Europe.
What are Settlement Houses?
Community centers that provided services to immigrants and the poor. Jane Addams' Hull House is a great example.
What is Ellis Island?
The main immigration processing center in New York Harbor.
What is Americanization?
The process of assimilating immigrants into American society.