The process of shifting from an agrarian economy to one dominated by manufacturing and machine production.

The process of population shift from rural areas to urban centers, leading to the growth of cities.

A period of social activism and political reform in the US (roughly 1890s-1920s) aimed at addressing problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, and political corruption.

A severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

A culture where social status, values, and activities are centered on the consumption of goods and services.

A foreign policy approach where a nation avoids entanglement in international alliances and conflicts.

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.

The decades-long struggle by women to achieve the right to vote in the United States.

A series of programs and projects undertaken by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939 to combat the Great Depression.

A foreign policy approach that emphasizes cooperation and collaboration with multiple countries to address shared challenges and achieve common goals.

US President who implemented the New Deal programs to combat the Great Depression and led the country during WWII.

US President during WWI, known for his Fourteen Points and efforts to promote international cooperation.

Before WWI: Primarily isolationist, focusing on domestic affairs and limited international involvement. After WWI: Shift towards greater global engagement, driven by economic and strategic interests.

Before the New Deal: Severe economic depression, high unemployment, and widespread poverty. After the New Deal: Some economic recovery, job creation, and the establishment of social safety nets, but the Depression did not fully end until WWII.

Women's suffrage movement: Focused on achieving the right to vote for women. Civil rights movement: Focused on achieving equal rights and opportunities for African Americans.

WWI: Imperialism, nationalism, militarism, and alliance systems. WWII: Unresolved issues from WWI, rise of fascism and totalitarianism, and aggression by Axis powers.

Booker T. Washington: Advocated for vocational training and economic self-reliance for African Americans. W.E.B. Du Bois: Advocated for higher education and immediate civil rights.

First Red Scare (1919-1920): Fear of communism and radicalism after WWI, targeting immigrants and labor activists. Second Red Scare (late 1940s-1950s): Fear of communism during the Cold War, targeting government employees and intellectuals.

WWI: Boosted industrial production and created economic opportunities. WWII: Ended the Great Depression, transformed the US into a global economic superpower.

Progressive Era: Focused on social and political reforms to address the problems of industrialization. New Deal: Focused on economic recovery and social safety nets to address the Great Depression.

Spanish-American War: Short conflict, limited scope, and focused on acquiring overseas territories. WWI: Large-scale conflict, global impact, and marked a shift towards international involvement.

Laissez-faire: Minimal government intervention in the economy. New Deal: Active government intervention to regulate the economy and provide social welfare.