Causes: Technological innovation, access to resources, and favorable government policies. Effects: Economic growth, urbanization, social inequality, and the Progressive Era.

Causes: Stock market crash, overproduction, unequal distribution of wealth, and international debt. Effects: Widespread unemployment, poverty, bank failures, and the New Deal.

Causes: Growing economic and strategic interests, the threat of global conflicts, and the desire to promote democracy. Effects: Involvement in WWI and WWII, increased global influence, and the Cold War.

Causes: Decades of activism, changing social attitudes, and women's contributions during WWI. Effects: 19th Amendment, increased political participation, and further feminist activism.

Causes: The Great Depression, widespread poverty, and the need for economic recovery. Effects: Increased government intervention, job creation, social safety nets, and long-term changes in American society.

Causes: Increased automobile ownership, desire for larger homes, and government policies promoting homeownership. Effects: Growth of suburbs, decline of urban centers, and increased reliance on cars.

Causes: Economic opportunities, political instability in Europe and Asia, and the desire for a better life. Effects: Cultural diversity, labor force growth, and social tensions.

Causes: American expansionism, Cuban struggle for independence, and yellow journalism. Effects: US acquisition of overseas territories, increased military power, and a more assertive foreign policy.

Causes: Racial tensions, competition for jobs and housing, and the return of black veterans from WWI. Effects: Increased racial violence, heightened awareness of racial inequality, and the growth of the civil rights movement.

Causes: Temperance movement, moral concerns about alcohol consumption, and the desire to reduce crime and social problems. Effects: Rise of organized crime, bootlegging, and speakeasies, leading to the repeal of Prohibition.

Before WWI: Primarily isolationist, focusing on domestic affairs and limited international involvement. After WWI: Shift towards greater global engagement, driven by economic and strategic interests.

Before the New Deal: Severe economic depression, high unemployment, and widespread poverty. After the New Deal: Some economic recovery, job creation, and the establishment of social safety nets, but the Depression did not fully end until WWII.

Women's suffrage movement: Focused on achieving the right to vote for women. Civil rights movement: Focused on achieving equal rights and opportunities for African Americans.

WWI: Imperialism, nationalism, militarism, and alliance systems. WWII: Unresolved issues from WWI, rise of fascism and totalitarianism, and aggression by Axis powers.

Booker T. Washington: Advocated for vocational training and economic self-reliance for African Americans. W.E.B. Du Bois: Advocated for higher education and immediate civil rights.

First Red Scare (1919-1920): Fear of communism and radicalism after WWI, targeting immigrants and labor activists. Second Red Scare (late 1940s-1950s): Fear of communism during the Cold War, targeting government employees and intellectuals.

WWI: Boosted industrial production and created economic opportunities. WWII: Ended the Great Depression, transformed the US into a global economic superpower.

Progressive Era: Focused on social and political reforms to address the problems of industrialization. New Deal: Focused on economic recovery and social safety nets to address the Great Depression.

Spanish-American War: Short conflict, limited scope, and focused on acquiring overseas territories. WWI: Large-scale conflict, global impact, and marked a shift towards international involvement.

Laissez-faire: Minimal government intervention in the economy. New Deal: Active government intervention to regulate the economy and provide social welfare.

Marked the beginning of American imperialism, leading to the acquisition of overseas territories and a more assertive foreign policy.

Shifted the balance of power, contributing to the Allied victory and raising questions about America's role in global affairs.

Widespread fear of communism and radicalism in the US, leading to government crackdowns on suspected subversives and increased anti-immigrant sentiment.

Granted women the right to vote, marking a major victory for the women's suffrage movement and expanding political participation.

Triggered the Great Depression, leading to widespread unemployment, poverty, and economic hardship.

Represented a major shift in the role of government in the US economy, with increased intervention to address the Great Depression.

Led to US entry into WWII, ending the country's neutrality and transforming it into a major global power.

Led to the Treaty of Versailles, redrawing the map of Europe and setting the stage for future conflicts.

A series of violent race riots that occurred in more than three dozen cities across the United States, reflecting racial tensions and discrimination.

A nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages that lasted from 1920 to 1933.