American Expansion, 1800–1848

It intensified reliance on slave labor due to increased cotton production demands.

It caused an immediate diversification into industrial sectors within Southern states.

It led to a widespread reduction in cotton prices that devastated Southern economy.

It prompted an early movement toward sharecropping before the Civil War ended slavery.

William H. Crawford and Henry Clay

Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams

John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay

Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson

It expanded states' rights by upholding Maryland's ability to tax federal institutions within its borders.

It reduced national government influence by declaring state laws superior to conflicting federal legislation.

It limited federal authority by striking down congressional powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution.

It reinforced federal supremacy by confirming the constitutionality of the national bank and denying states' rights to tax it.

Increased trade with Britain and France but heightened risk of maritime conflict.

An economic depression due to reliance on European markets.

Immediate financial crisis due to British naval blockades against American shipping.

Development of self-sufficient internal industries unaffected by European wars.

Enhanced legal protections against harsh working conditions in Southern plantations.

An increase in demand for slave labor due to expanded cotton production.

A decrease in overall slavery numbers following improved agricultural technology efficiency.

Greater access to skilled work opportunities within textile manufacturing industries.

Debates over America's role in the French Revolutionary Wars.

Disagreements over the balance of federal and state powers.

Disputes about the expansion and ethics of slavery territories.

The abolitionist movement's impact on northern vs. southern economies.

Henry Clay

William Henry Harrison

John Quincy Adams

Andrew Jackson

The Embargo Act of 1807

The Non-Intercourse Act

The American System

The Force Bill

It fostered a period of peaceful coexistence and trade partnerships with settlers.

It led to forced relocations through policies like the Indian Removal Act.

It granted federal recognition to tribal sovereignty allowing self-governance.

It provided them with increased autonomy and land rights protections.