Civil War and Reconstruction, 1848–1877
Which trade network connected the Americas with Europe and Africa during the colonial period?
Silk Road
Atlantic triangular trade
Trans-Saharan trade routes
Hanseatic League
How did the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 impact Native American societies in terms of land ownership?
It returned large areas of previously seized lands back to indigenous tribes as communal property.
It established reservations as permanent sovereign nations under Native American control without U.S oversight.
It recognized collective tribal sovereignty over Native American lands without division or sale.
It divided tribal lands into individual allotments for Native Americans but also allowed for excess land to be sold to non-Natives.
What was the primary purpose of the Homestead Act of 1862?
To abolish tenement housing in urban areas
To provide free land to settlers in the West
To regulate railroad construction across America
To establish reservations for Native American tribes
What labor organization focused on skilled workers and advocated for economic reform through strikes and collective bargaining during the late nineteenth century?
The Knights of Labor.
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).
The American Federation of Labor (AFL).
The National Labor Union (NLU).
How did U.S Supreme Court decisions during Gilded Age business expansion primarily affect federal regulation?
They generally limited government interference by protecting private contracts.
They encouraged direct federal intervention into day-to-day business operations.
They uniformly expanded federal power over interstate commerce control.
They mandated equal distribution of resources among emerging corporations.
In assessing contrasting interpretations of American imperialism at the turn of the 20th century, which analysis is better supported by historical evidence?
Cultural assimilation efforts intended solely to spread democracy without other strategic benefits.
The genuine humanitarian desire to improve living conditions in territories like the Philippines.
Economic interests underpinning actions like the annexation of Hawaii and support for an open-door policy in China.
Military strategy aimed purely at protecting American territorial waters without economic motives.
In what ways have historical perspectives on Manifest Destiny influenced modern attitudes toward American foreign policy?
They universally justified pre-emptive strikes as part of national defense strategy.
They validated constant territorial expansion as a contemporary foreign policy principle.
They have engendered discussions about interventionism versus isolationism based on national destiny.
They led to unanimous support for non-interventionist policies post-World War II.

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Which development led to a significant shift in the American political landscape during the early 19th century?
The introduction of utopian movements that transformed mainstream politics.
The reinforcement of Federalist policies promoting strong central government.
The formation of Jacksonian Democracy emphasized greater democracy for the common man.
The continuation of Jeffersonian ideals without significant changes in philosophy.
Which technology had a major impact on American life by changing home entertainment and information dissemination during the early-to-mid-20th century?
Cable television infrastructures.
Electric power grids.
Personal computer networks.
Radio broadcasting systems.
Which issue most directly contributed to forming a coalition that supported Franklin D Roosevelt’s New Deal policies?
A surge in urbanization highlighted problems with city infrastructure needing federal assistance.
The rise in immigration prompted demands for more inclusive social welfare programs.
The onset of World War II required mobilizing national resources under federal guidance.
Economic distress stemming from the Great Depression created widespread demand for government intervention.