Civil War and Reconstruction, 1848–1877

It led to the collapse of the two-party system and the establishment of a multi-party democracy

It led to the rise of the Free Soil Party and increased opposition to slavery in the western territories

It had little impact on the existing political parties and their power bases

It strengthened the power of the Whig Party and weakened the Democrats

The influence of the abolitionist movement on U.S. domestic and foreign policy.

The doctrine of Manifest Destiny and its influence on U.S. territorial expansion.

European colonial ambitions impacting U.S. desires for territorial expansion.

Industrial capitalism's role in shaping U.S. economic policies abroad.

Erosion of trust in mass media due to perceived biases in war reporting

Government-imposed restrictions on journalistic freedom during wartime

Increased support for military efforts among the U.S. public

Rise in organized anti-war demonstrations within urban centers

It remained unchanged

It reduced it by about half

It increased due to land swaps with U.S.

It expanded it towards Central America

Taylor’s use of discipline versus outright aggression, leading his forces, becomes focal points evaluating acceptable wartime ethics then currently applicable standards

His reliance on volunteer soldiers vs regular army is looked at deciding effectiveness citizen militias versus standing armies

Implementation of supply lines challenges encountered provide lessons logistical planning future campaigns

Decision to engage enemy despite inferior numbers is considered examining valor strategic recklessness commands

Abolitionism

Isolationism

Manifest Destiny

Free Trade

It ended the Mexican-American War and ceded large portions of territory to the United States, including California and Texas

It created a joint commission to oversee border security and immigration between the United States and Mexico

It granted Mexican citizens living in the newly acquired territories full citizenship rights and protections under American law

It established a free trade agreement between the United States and Mexico, which increased economic ties between the two countries

The immediate and complete abolition of slavery

The creation of a system of sharecropping to provide economic opportunities for freed slaves

The granting of amnesty to all former Confederate leaders

The establishment of a series of military districts in the South

Expansion of credit and loans from banks

Sale of public lands to foreign investors

Increased tariffs on imported goods

A surplus in cotton exports

Treaty of Versailles.

Treaty of Tordesillas.

Treaty of Paris.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.