Civil War and Reconstruction, 1848–1877

Telegraph

Mechanical reaper

Steam locomotive

Cotton gin

Viewing John Brown as a martyr supports arguments that extreme measures can be justified by moral imperatives in present-day protests.

Considering him primarily a terrorist strengthens opinions advocating total non-violence in modern activism.

Interpreting his actions as reckless intensifies current beliefs that radical interventions hinder progress towards justice and equality.

Believing he was solely an abolitionist hero bolsters viewpoints favoring civil disobedience without direct confrontation today.

It strengthened the Whig Party’s stance on supporting popular sovereignty across U.S. territories.

It contributed to the formation of the Republican Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories.

It solidified Democratic control over Congress by uniting Northern and Southern Democrats.

It resulted in an alliance between abolitionists and slaveholders for different reasons.

Slaves are considered property by the Constitution, warranting federal protection.

Slaves are granted freedom upon their arrival in free states or territories.

Congress holds the power to ban slavery within new territorial acquisitions.

The Constitution supports the gradual emancipation of slaves across all states.

Stephen A Douglas

John C Breckinridge

Abraham Lincoln

John Bell

It abolished slavery in Washington D.C., weakening pro-slavery advocates.

It led to immediate secession discussions among southern states.

It temporarily eased tensions between free and slave states with measures like the Fugitive Slave Act.

It established popular sovereignty as the law throughout all U.S. territories.

It increased Southern fears of a Northern-led slave insurrection.

It led to immediate secession of Southern states.

It resulted in a large-scale slave rebellion in the South.

It unified the North and South against a common enemy.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Marbury v. Madison

Plessy v. Ferguson

It provided a detailed account of slave rebellions across the South that prompted many Northerners to call for immediate emancipation.

Its depiction of plantation life convinced a majority of white Americans to advocate for the end of racial segregation based on economic efficiency.

The book played a significant role in reuniting moderate Northerners and Southerners around Christian forgiveness and reconciliation.

It galvanized Northern opposition toward slavery by humanizing enslaved people and exposing the cruelties of bondage through sentimental storytelling techniques.

It provided a clear path to citizenship through military service.

It established that all slaves were free upon entering a free state or territory.

It granted them equal protection under the law regardless of their state's slave status.

It declared they could not be citizens and had no standing to sue in federal court.