Industrialization and the Gilded Age, 1865–1898
What was a primary goal of the Farmers' Alliance movement in the late 19th century?
Advocating for economic reforms to support struggling farmers.
Enforcing anti-corruption measures within government and businesses.
Promoting urbanization and industrial growth.
Supporting U.S. imperialist policies abroad.
What was a primary economic effect of the Homestead Act of 1862 on westward expansion?
It increased urbanization in Eastern cities.
It reduced investments in mining operations.
It led to a decline in railroad construction.
It spurred migration to western lands for farming.
Which innovation most significantly impacted agricultural practices on Great Plains during the late nineteenth century?
Steam Engine
Spinning Jenny
Cotton Gin
Steel Plow
Which technological advancement most directly contributed to the increased speed and volume of goods transported across the United States during the first half of the 19th century?
Mechanical reapers
Telegraph systems
Steam-powered locomotives
Cotton gins
Which initiative best represents Democrats' response to economic challenges faced by Western farmers after the Civil War?
Creation and promotion of subtreasury system through populist pressure
Endorsement of stricter immigration laws to reduce labor competition
Support for return to bimetallism and free silver movement
Increase in tariff rates to shield emergent industries from foreign competition
What was a consistent motivation for Westward Expansion throughout the 19th century?
The need for more industrial resources.
The belief in Manifest Destiny.
The discovery of gold in California.
Fear of British expansion into the same territories.
What was the purpose of the Pacific Railway Act of 1862?
To establish new trade routes with China.
To aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean.
To create jobs during a period of economic depression.
To provide funding for canal systems across New York state.

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How did Chinese laborers contribute to the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad?
They led to increased immigration restrictions on European workers.
They significantly reduced the construction time.
They facilitated the South's industrial expansion through railroad connections.
They decreased reliance on child labor in railroad construction.
How did the California Gold Rush contribute to westward expansion?
By causing a decline in farming as people pursued mining instead
By attracting settlers seeking wealth and sparking population growth in California
By initiating a conflict between Mexico and U.S.
By halting east coast industrialization as people moved west
How might Native American societies have evolved differently without the Westward Expansion?
They could maintain their lands and cultures with less interference from European settlers.
They could become dominant powers in North America without European interference.
Their societies would disintegrate due to internal conflicts over resources.
They would still lose their lands due to other foreign invaders.