Entering Into the 21st Century, 1980–Present
Suppose J.P Morgan had decided against consolidating railroads into monopolistic trusts; what might be one long-term effect on American business practices?
Labor unions wouldn't emerge as strong political forces because workers from different companies wouldn't unite against common employers' practices.
Other industries might similarly avoid consolidations leading to a broader range of small businesses rather than dominant corporations across sectors.
Early anti-trust movements may not gain momentum since there’d be less public outcry over corporate monopolies controlling essential services.
There could be sustained competition among railroad companies potentially fostering greater innovation but also market instability without consolidation creating efficiency through economies of scale.
How does Krugman's depiction specifically address concerns about social stratification in the US?
It indicates concerns over declining life expectancy due to healthcare issues.
It points out how political division undermines bipartisan cooperation.
It highlights growing wealth inequality as a threat to democratic values and equity.
It draws attention to a longing for the economic stability of the post-war era.
What was one reason for the wealth gap?
Policies that helped the lower class and targeted the upper class
Racial wealth gap
Standardized and fair pay for all
High minimum wages which kept up with inflation
What role did technological advancements play in changing agriculture in post-Civil War United States?
Decreased reliance on slave labor leading directly towards emancipation movements
Stagnation of production due to farmers' resistance towards adopting new methods
An immediate shift away from subsistence farming practices across all regions nationwide
Increased productivity through mechanized farming equipment like harvesters and tractors
How did the clash of ideologies between new right conservatives and traditional New Deal Democrats in the late 20th century crystallize the nation's ambivalence over entitlement programs?
Despite their economic policy differences, each side promoted expansionary monetary policies to encourage growth and employment.
Both groups sought to reform welfare but differed in their approaches for education funding and affirmative action.
Shared concerns over budget deficits led to disputes about the necessity of raising taxes on wealthy Americans versus cutoff social benefits.
New Right Conservatives advocated for reductions in entitlement spending as detrimental to economic freedom while New Deal Democrats viewed such programs as transformational social safety nets.
Which economic policy was commonly used by the US government to promote industrial development in the second half of the 19th century?
Universal basic income.
Free trade agreements.
Protective tariffs.
Income tax increases.
Which transportation innovation played a pivotal role in the expansion of industry across United States during the Industrial Revolution?
Airplanes
Railroads
Cars
Steamboats

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Which consequence of mechanization in farming had the biggest impact on demographics in the United States before the Civil War?
Increase in migration from rural to urban areas in search of employment opportunities.
Decrease in reliance on slave labor on southern plantations.
Rise of specialized crop systems requiring less overall manpower.
Migration westward to territories seeking land for cultivation.
What event directly precipitated the scene depicted in the Steve Jobs and Macintosh computer photo from January 1984?
Xerox PARC's creation of the graphical user interface in the early 1970s.
The debut of Microsoft Windows operating system in November 1985.
The unveiling of the Macintosh computer by Apple in January 1984.
IBM's launch of its first personal computer in August 1981.
What event significantly accelerated advancements in computing and telecommunications?
The efforts towards global economic reconstruction following World War II
The push for mechanization during the Industrial Revolution
The focus on humanism and scientific inquiry during the Renaissance
The competition between the US and the USSR during the Cold War era