Entering Into the 21st Century, 1980–Present

Increased regulation of labor laws in the Northeast.

The rise of the steel industry in the South.

The invention and widespread use of air conditioning.

Decreased military spending in the Pacific Coast.

It decreased the influence of Southern states in the Electoral College.

It led to a decline in cultural influence from regions outside the Sunbelt.

It shifted political power as states like Texas, Florida, and California became more influential in the Electoral College.

It resulted in a uniform political ideology across the United States.

They led to increased labor union membership, discouraging manufacturing.

They caused manufacturing and other industries to move their production facilities to Southern states due to a lack of labor protections.

They had no significant impact on the economic growth of the Sunbelt.

They resulted in higher wages and stricter environmental regulations, attracting high-tech industries.

It reinforced the national origin quotas from the 1920s, limiting immigration from Asia and Latin America.

It ended nativist quota systems from the 1920s, leading to increased and more diverse immigration.

It primarily focused on increasing immigration from Europe while restricting immigration from other regions.

It had no significant impact on immigration patterns in the United States.

Economic prosperity and stable governments in the 'North Triangle' countries.

Decreased demand for farm laborers in the United States.

Civil wars and violence in the 1980s and later in the 'North Triangle' countries.

Strict immigration policies that favored immigrants from the 'North Triangle' countries.

Decreased emphasis on education within Asian American communities.

Lower rates of intermarriage among Asian Americans.

US immigration law that prioritizes high-skilled immigrants and the general level of assimilation through both education and intermarriage.

Increased residential segregation of Asian American communities.

Increased social harmony and acceptance of diverse cultures.

A decrease in political engagement and voter turnout.

A polarization of the electorate and nativist backlashes.

A uniform consensus on immigration policies.

To provide a pathway to citizenship for all undocumented immigrants.

To prioritize deporting undocumented immigrants with violent criminal records rather than those brought to the US as children.

To increase border security and prevent all undocumented immigrants from entering the United States.

To grant amnesty to all undocumented immigrants regardless of their criminal history.

DACA was widely praised by both Democrats and Republicans as a bipartisan solution to immigration reform.

DACA was challenged in the courts as an overreach of executive power, leading to debates over the power of the Executive Branch.

DACA had no impact on the separation of powers or executive authority.

DACA was implemented through a bipartisan bill passed by Congress, avoiding any executive overreach.

4 percent

6 percent

13 percent

18 percent