AP World History: Modern - Migration (1750-1900) Study Guide

Hey! Let's get you ready to ace that exam! This guide is designed to be your go-to resource for understanding migration from 1750 to 1900. We'll break down the key concepts, make connections, and get you feeling confident. Let's dive in!

🌍 Introduction to Migration (1750-1900)

Migration during this period dramatically reshaped the world. People moved for various reasons, leading to huge demographic, economic, and social changes. Think of it as a massive global shuffle! 🚶‍♀️🚶‍♂️

• Push Factors: Reasons why people left their homelands.
  • Poverty 💸
  • Persecution 😥
  • Lack of opportunities 😟
• Pull Factors: Reasons why people moved to new places.
  • Economic opportunities 💰
  • Religious freedom 🙏
  • Political stability 🕊️
  • Land availability 🏞️

Key Migration Patterns

• Rural to Urban: People moving from the countryside to cities in search of work.
  • Europe: Industrial cities like London, Manchester, and Paris boomed.
  • Americas: Cities in the US and Canada grew rapidly.
• Transatlantic Migration: Europeans moving to the Americas.
  • Seeking economic opportunities and escaping poverty/persecution.
• Forced Migration: The transatlantic slave trade.
  • Millions of Africans were forcibly taken to the Americas. 😥

🏠 Changes Within Home Societies

Migration had significant consequences for the places people left behind.

• Europe:
  • Rural depopulation 📉 as people moved to cities.
  • Shift in labor market from agriculture to industry.
• Africa:
  • Devastating effects of the slave trade, leading to population decline and societal disruption.💔
• Emigration Impact:
  • Loss of skilled labor in home countries.
  • Economic shifts as people left traditional jobs.

🏘️ Effects on Receiving Societies

Receiving societies experienced major transformations due to migration.

• Americas:
  • Rapid growth of urban centers and industrial economies. 📈
  • Increased cultural diversity and new social structures.
  • Development of ethnically diverse neighborhoods.
• Transatlantic Slave Trade:
  • Enslaved Africans provided essential labor for plantations and mines.
  • Creation of a racial hierarchy that still impacts society today. 😔

🏘️ Enclaves

Enclaves are like mini-societies within a larger society, where immigrants maintain their cultural identity.

🇨🇳 Chinese Enclaves

• Southeast Asia:
  • Established around trade, especially in rubber and tin. 🏭
  • Preserved culture through schools and temples. 🏯
• Americas:
  • Famous examples include San Francisco's Chinatown. 🏘️
  • Faced discrimination, racism, and marginalization. 💔
  • Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 restricted immigration.

🇮🇳 Indian Enclaves

• Africa:
  • Involved in trade and commerce, particularly in port cities. 🚢
  • Maintained cultural practices through social institutions. 🕉️
• Southeast Asia:
  • Active in rubber and tin industries. ⚙️
  • Established schools and temples. 📚
• Caribbean:
  • Developed due to the indentured labor system. 🌴
  • Preserved cultural identity through social institutions.

🇮🇪 Irish Enclaves

• North America:
  • Formed in cities like Boston and New York. 🏙️
  • Involved in manual labor and service jobs.
  • Provided community support despite facing discrimination. 🤝

🇮🇹 Italians in Argentina

• Argentina:
  • Settled in neighborhoods like La Boca in Buenos Aires. 🎨
  • Worked in construction and manual labor. 🏗️
  • Enriched Argentine culture with their language, food, and customs. 🍝

🛂 Regulation of Immigration

Governments began to regulate immigration due to various social, economic, and political pressures.

• Early US Regulations:

  • Initially focused on controlling the slave trade.
  • Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) targeted political opponents, not immigrants.

• Chinese Exclusion Act (1882):

  • First major law to ban a specific ethnic group. 🚫
  • Reflected anti-Chinese sentiment and economic competition.

• White Australia Policy (1901-1973):

  • Aimed to maintain a white-majority population. 🇦🇺
  • Restricted non-white immigration, particularly from Asia.

  Immigration regulation is a key topic. Be prepared to discuss the reasons behind these policies and their impact on both immigrants and receiving countries.

🎯 Final Exam Focus

Okay, let's focus on what's most important for the exam! 🎯

• High-Priority Topics:
  • Industrial Revolution's impact on migration.
  • Transatlantic slave trade and its consequences.
  • Development and impact of enclaves.
  • Immigration policies like the Chinese Exclusion Act and White Australia Policy.
• Common Question Types:
  • Multiple-choice questions on push/pull factors and migration patterns.
  • Short answer questions on the effects of migration on home and receiving societies.
  • Free-response questions analyzing the causes and consequences of migration, and the development of enclaves.

Last-Minute Tips

• Time Management: Don't spend too long on any one question. Move on and come back if you have time.
• Common Pitfalls:
  • Avoid generalizations; be specific in your examples.
  • Don't just describe; analyze the impact of migration.
  • Remember to connect migration to other historical developments (e.g., Industrial Revolution, imperialism).
• Strategies:
  • Use the documents provided in the FRQs to support your arguments.
  • Outline your essays before you start writing.
  • Stay calm, and trust your preparation! You got this! 💪

Practice Questions

Practice Question

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which of the following was NOT a major cause of migration during the period 1750-1900? a) The Industrial Revolution b) Religious persecution c) The desire to spread communism d) The transatlantic slave trade

2. Which of the following best describes the impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? a) It encouraged Chinese immigration to the United States. b) It banned all Chinese immigration to the United States for a period of 10 years. c) It promoted cultural exchange between the United States and China. d) It had no significant impact on Chinese immigration to the United States.

3. Which of the following is an example of a receiving society that experienced significant cultural and demographic changes due to migration? a) Rural areas in Europe during the Industrial Revolution b) African societies during the transatlantic slave trade c) Argentina due to the influx of Italian immigrants d) All of the above

Short Answer Question:

Briefly explain TWO ways that migration from 1750 to 1900 affected the home societies of those who migrated.

Free Response Question:

Analyze the causes and consequences of the large-scale migrations that occurred between 1750 and 1900. In your response, be sure to discuss the various push and pull factors that led to these migrations, as well as their effects on both the home and receiving societies. (7 points)

Scoring Breakdown:

• Thesis (1 point): Presents a historically defensible thesis/claim that establishes a line of reasoning.
• Contextualization (1 point): Describes a broader historical context relevant to the topic of migration between 1750 and 1900. * Evidence (2 points): Provides specific examples of push and pull factors that led to migration, and provides specific examples of the effects of migration on both the home and receiving societies.
• Analysis and Reasoning (2 points): Explains the relationship between the causes and consequences of migration, and analyzes the impact of migration on both the home and receiving societies.
• Complexity (1 point): Demonstrates a complex understanding of the topic by considering nuance, multiple perspectives, or contradictory evidence.

That's it! You've got this! Go get that 5! 🎉