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  1. AP African American Studies
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Who was Queen Idia?

First iyoba (queen mother) in Benin; political advisor and spiritual leader.

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Who was Queen Idia?

First iyoba (queen mother) in Benin; political advisor and spiritual leader.

Who was Queen Njinga?

Queen of Ndongo and Matamba; resisted Portuguese colonization through guerilla warfare.

Define extended kinship ties.

Super-sized family including everyone related by blood or marriage; held early West and Central African societies together.

What is an 'iyoba'?

Queen Mother in the Kingdom of Benin.

Define guerilla warfare.

Military tactics using hit-and-run strategies.

Compare Idia's and Njinga's leadership.

Idia: Spiritual power, medicinal knowledge. Njinga: Guerilla warfare, political alliances.