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Who was Queen Idia?
First iyoba (queen mother) in Benin; political advisor and spiritual leader.
Who was Queen Njinga?
Queen of Ndongo and Matamba; resisted Portuguese colonization through guerilla warfare.
What is the significance of Queen Idia's mask?
Symbol of Black women's leadership, power, and beauty; adopted by FESTAC.
Compare Idia's and Njinga's leadership.
Idia: Spiritual power, medicinal knowledge. Njinga: Guerilla warfare, political alliances.