All Flashcards
Define: Kingdom of Kongo
A powerful West African kingdom that engaged in trade with Portugal, gaining wealth and influence.
Define: Kingdom of Benin
Another West African kingdom that prospered through trade with the Portuguese.
Define: Trans-Saharan Trade
Traditional trade routes across the Sahara Desert, bypassed by Portuguese trade.
Define: Plantation System
An agricultural system relying on large-scale production, often using enslaved labor.
Define: Atlantic Slave Trade
The forced transportation of millions of Africans to the Americas for enslavement.
Define: Iberian Peninsula
The peninsula in southwestern Europe composed of Spain and Portugal.
Define: Diplomacy
The profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations.
Define: Colonization
The action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.
Define: Transatlantic
Crossing or extending across the Atlantic Ocean.
Define: Primary Source
A document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study.
What were the causes and effects of increased trade between West African kingdoms and Portugal?
Cause: European desire for gold and goods. Effect: Increased wealth for African kingdoms, and the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade.
What were the causes and effects of Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands?
Cause: Desire for agricultural production and wealth. Effect: Establishment of slave labor-based economies, influencing the Americas.
What was the cause and effect of the Portuguese's early success in the slave trade?
Cause: Established trade routes and plantation system. Effect: Other European powers adopted the model.
What was the cause and effect of the growth of sub-Saharan African populations in Iberian port cities?
Cause: Increased trade and enslavement. Effect: Larger African presence in cities like Lisbon and Seville.
What was the cause and effect of Africans traveling to Mediterranean cities?
Cause: Diplomacy, education, and religion. Effect: Africans taking on diverse roles in European societies.
What was the significance of West African-Portuguese trade in the 15th century?
It increased wealth for some African kingdoms and expanded European involvement in the slave trade.
What was the impact of the Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands?
It created a model for slave labor-based economies that was later adopted in the Americas.
Describe the growth of African presence in Iberian cities.
Increased trade led to a larger European presence in West Africa, resulting in a rise in the Sub-Saharan African population in Iberian port cities like Lisbon and Seville.
What was the scale of African enslavement by 1500?
Approximately 50,000 enslaved Africans had been removed by the Portuguese to the Atlantic islands and Europe.
What crops were grown on Portuguese plantations?
Cotton, indigo, and sugarcane were the main crops cultivated using enslaved African labor.
Describe Portuguese colonization of Cabo Verde and São Tomé.
In the mid-15th century, the Portuguese colonized Cabo Verde and São Tomé and established cotton, indigo, and sugar plantations using enslaved African labor.
What was the role of Lisbon and Seville?
These Iberian port cities saw a growth in their Sub-Saharan African populations due to increased trade and enslavement.
What was the impact of the Portuguese model?
Other European powers adopted the Portuguese model for plantation agriculture, leading to the widespread enslavement in the Americas.
What was the significance of 15th-16th century African-European interactions?
These interactions marked the beginning of complex relationships and the transatlantic slave trade.
What was the purpose of African elites traveling to Mediterranean cities?
African elites traveled for diplomacy, education, and religious pilgrimages.