All Flashcards
Define 'trans-Saharan routes'.
Traditional trade routes across the Sahara Desert, connecting North Africa with sub-Saharan Africa.
Define 'plantation agriculture'.
A system of agriculture based on large-scale farms that rely on labor, often enslaved, to produce cash crops.
Define 'Age of Exploration'.
A historical period from the 15th to 17th centuries during which Europeans explored and colonized new regions of the world.
Define 'Iberian Peninsula'.
The peninsula in southwestern Europe composed of Spain and Portugal.
Define 'Atlantic Slave Trade'.
The transportation of enslaved Africans by European traders to the Americas.
Define 'Primary Source'.
A firsthand account or original artifact from a specific time period.
Define 'Diplomacy'.
The profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations.
Define 'Enslaved person'.
An individual held in servitude as the property of another person or household.
Define 'Hierarchy'.
A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status.
Define 'Colonization'.
The action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.
What was the significance of West African-Portuguese trade in the 15th century?
Increased wealth for kingdoms like Kongo and Benin, and the start of European involvement in the slave trade.
What was the impact of Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands?
It created a model for slave labor-based economies that would later be used in the Americas.
What was the scale of African enslavement by 1500?
Approximately 50,000 enslaved Africans were removed by the Portuguese.
What role did Lisbon play in the 16th century?
Lisbon was a multicultural capital with a significant African presence, as illustrated by the Chafariz d'El-Rey.
Describe the significance of the Chafariz d'El-Rey.
It's a primary source showing the diverse Afro-Portuguese society in Lisbon during the Age of Exploration.
What crops were grown on Portuguese Atlantic island colonies?
Cotton, indigo, and sugarcane were the main crops grown using enslaved labor.
What was the primary destination for enslaved Africans in the 15th century?
Portuguese-colonized Atlantic islands and Europe were the primary destinations.
What was the effect of increased trade on West African kingdoms?
Increased wealth and power for kingdoms involved in the trade.
What was the effect of the Portuguese colonization of Atlantic Islands?
Established cotton, indigo, and sugar plantations, relying on enslaved African labor.
How did the Portuguese model influence other European powers?
European powers adopted the Portuguese model for plantation agriculture.
What were the causes and effects of increased trade between West African kingdoms and Portugal?
Cause: European desire for gold and goods. Effect: Increased wealth for African kingdoms, and the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade.
What were the causes and effects of Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands?
Cause: Desire for agricultural production and wealth. Effect: Establishment of slave labor-based economies, influencing the Americas.
What was the cause and effect of the Portuguese's early success in the slave trade?
Cause: Established trade routes and plantation system. Effect: Other European powers adopted the model.
What was the cause and effect of the growth of sub-Saharan African populations in Iberian port cities?
Cause: Increased trade and enslavement. Effect: Larger African presence in cities like Lisbon and Seville.
What was the cause and effect of Africans traveling to Mediterranean cities?
Cause: Diplomacy, education, and religion. Effect: Africans taking on diverse roles in European societies.