All Flashcards
What was the effect of the Second Seminole War?
Cause: Seminoles and Maroons resisting forced relocation. Effect: United resistance against US government.
What was the effect of the Trail of Tears on enslaved African Americans?
Cause: Forced relocation of Indigenous people. Effect: Enslaved African Americans were taken with them, enduring hardship.
What was the effect of Indigenous nations adopting chattel slavery?
Cause: Adoption of chattel slavery. Effect: Enslaved people viewed as property, mirroring white colonizers.
What was the effect of slave patrols?
Cause: Desire to control enslaved populations. Effect: Increased difficulty for enslaved people to escape.
What was the effect of the Arkansas Petition for Freedmen's Rights?
Cause: Formerly enslaved people seeking full citizenship. Effect: Highlighted African American political engagement during Reconstruction and demand for equality.
What was the effect of codifying racial slavery in Indigenous communities?
Cause: Desire to create a rigid social hierarchy. Effect: Shift in social structures and erosion of Black-Indigenous kinship ties.
What was the effect of collaboration between Indigenous and white enslavers?
Cause: Shared interest in maintaining the system of slavery. Effect: Increased difficulty for enslaved people to escape and find freedom.
What was the effect of the erosion of Black-Indigenous kinship ties?
Cause: The impact of slavery on social structures. Effect: Mixed-race individuals were often excluded, and traditional kinship structures were replaced by racial hierarchies.
What was the effect of the shift in power dynamics in Indigenous communities?
Cause: The adoption of racial purity as a basis for social order. Effect: Those of African descent were excluded, and traditional kinship-based structures were replaced.
What was the effect of the active pursuit of full citizenship by formerly enslaved people?
Cause: Post-emancipation desire for equal treatment. Effect: Challenged the idea that freedom alone was enough and demanded legal and social equality.
Cause and Effect: Maroons seeking freedom.
Cause: Desire for freedom from slavery. Effect: Alliance with Seminoles, resistance to relocation.
Cause and Effect: Trail of Tears.
Cause: US government policy of forced removal. Effect: Devastation for Indigenous and enslaved African American populations.
Cause and Effect: Indigenous adoption of slave codes.
Cause: Desire to maintain control and power. Effect: Restriction of rights for enslaved people.
Cause and Effect: Racial slavery in Indigenous communities.
Cause: Codifying racial slavery. Effect: Created a strict social order, distinguishing between Indigenous enslavers and enslaved African Americans.
Cause and Effect: Erosion of kinship ties.
Cause: Black-Indigenous kinship ties were severed. Effect: Mixed-race individuals were often excluded.
Cause and Effect: Shift in social structures.
Cause: Traditional kinship-based structures were replaced by a system based on racial purity. Effect: Excluding those of African descent.
Cause and Effect: Arkansas Petition.
Cause: Desire for full citizenship. Effect: Active pursuit of legal and social equality.
Cause and Effect: Collaboration between Indigenous and white enslavers.
Cause: Desire to maintain control and power. Effect: Made escape even harder.
Cause and Effect: Slave patrols.
Cause: Desire to maintain control of enslaved people. Effect: Armed groups monitored and captured those trying to escape.
Cause and Effect: Second Seminole War.
Cause: Seminoles and Maroons fought against forced relocation. Effect: Resistance to relocation.
Compare Seminole/Maroon alliance vs. Indigenous enslavement practices.
Alliance: Resistance, shared culture. Enslavement: Adoption of chattel slavery, slave codes.
Compare pre-slavery kinship vs. post-slavery racial hierarchy.
Kinship: Based on ancestry, marriage. Hierarchy: Based on racial purity, exclusion of African descent.
Compare freedom vs. full citizenship.
Freedom: Being without enslavement. Citizenship: Legal and social equality.
Compare resistance vs. collaboration.
Resistance: Maroons and Seminoles fighting together. Collaboration: Indigenous and white enslavers working together.
Compare pre-Civil War vs. post-Civil War.
Pre-Civil War: Enslavement and resistance. Post-Civil War: Pursuit of citizenship.
Compare Indigenous enslavers vs. white enslavers.
Indigenous enslavers: Adopted chattel slavery. White enslavers: Established system of racial slavery.
Compare pre-slavery social structures vs. post-slavery social structures.
Pre-slavery: Kinship-based. Post-slavery: Based on racial purity.
Compare Seminoles vs. other Indigenous nations.
Seminoles: Offered refuge to Maroons. Other Indigenous nations: Adopted similar practices to white colonizers.
Compare Abraham vs. Gopher John.
Abraham: Black Seminole leader. Gopher John: Black Seminole leader and interpreter.
Compare the Second Seminole War vs. the Trail of Tears.
Second Seminole War: Seminoles and Maroons fought against forced relocation. Trail of Tears: Forced relocation of Indigenous nations.