All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of Black Codes?
Cause: Southern states sought to limit African American freedoms after the 13th Amendment. Effect: Restricted Black's rights and opportunities.
What were the causes and effects of Jim Crow Laws?
Cause: Desire to maintain racial segregation and white supremacy. Effect: Segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement of African Americans.
Define Reconstruction Era.
Period (1865-1877) when the federal government rebuilt the South and protected newly freed African Americans.
What is the 13th Amendment?
Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
What is birthright citizenship?
Citizenship granted to anyone born in the United States, defined by the 14th Amendment.
What is the 14th Amendment?
Defined birthright citizenship and granted equal protection under the law.
What is the 15th Amendment?
Prohibited denying the right to vote based on race.
Define Black Codes.
Discriminatory laws that emerged after the 13th Amendment to limit African American freedoms.
Define Jim Crow Laws.
State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
Define Poll Taxes.
A tax levied as a qualification for voting.
Define Literacy Tests.
Tests used to deny suffrage to African Americans.
What is the convict leasing system?
Exploitation of the 13th Amendment's loophole, disproportionately affecting African Americans.
What was the Reconstruction Period?
Federal government's effort to rebuild the South and protect African Americans (1865-1877).
What was the significance of the 13th Amendment's ratification?
Ended slavery, but Black Codes emerged to limit African American freedoms.
What was the impact of the 14th Amendment's ratification?
Overturned Dred Scott, defined birthright citizenship, and established equal protection.
What was the effect of the 15th Amendment's ratification?
Gave Black men the right to vote, but states used tactics to suppress Black voting.
What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Provided full protection of voting rights, nearly a century after the 15th Amendment.
What was the Jim Crow Era?
Period when many rights gained during Reconstruction were eroded.
What was the Civil Rights Movement?
African Americans fought to reclaim their rights in the 1960s.
What was the Dred Scott decision?
Supreme Court decision that said African Americans could NOT be citizens.
What was the effect of Black men participating in Southern politics?
Thousands of African Americans, many formerly enslaved, participated in Southern politics and helped elect Black officials.
What was the effect of the loophole in the 13th Amendment?
Southern states exploited the loophole through the convict leasing system, which disproportionately affected African Americans.