Largest internal migration in US history; 6 million African Americans moved from the South to the North, Midwest, and West.

Reasons that made African Americans want to leave the South (racial violence, limited economic opportunities, environmental issues).

Reasons that attracted African Americans to the North, Midwest, and West (job opportunities, higher wages, hope for safety).

An agricultural system where tenant farmers give a portion of their crops to the landowner as rent; kept Black families in debt.

State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Mob violence and racial terrorism used to intimidate and control African Americans.

An insect that destroyed cotton crops, a major source of income for Black farmers in the South.

Organization formed to help Black migrants adjust to urban life, providing support and resources.

A Black newspaper that spread news and encouraged migration to the North.

A story told through visual means, such as paintings or photographs.

Black-owned businesses flourished in Northern cities, creating economic opportunities and supporting the growing Black population.

Black churches played a crucial role in supporting migrants, providing community, and becoming centers of social and political activism.

The Great Migration contributed to the spread and evolution of musical genres like jazz and blues in Northern cities.

The Great Migration influenced the themes and narratives in African American literature, reflecting the experiences of migration and urban life.

Harlem became a vibrant cultural center, fostering artistic expression and a sense of community among Black migrants.

Bronzeville in Chicago became another significant cultural hub, reflecting the experiences and contributions of Black migrants.

The migration connected Black communities across the country, leading to a shared cultural identity and collective experiences.

Migrants shifted from working the land to enjoying urban parks and recreation, contributing to a new cultural landscape.

Urban environments fostered a sense of community and identity among Black migrants, leading to social and political organization.

Black newspapers like *The Chicago Defender* played a crucial role in disseminating information and encouraging migration.

Cause: World Wars, Effect: Recruitment of Black workers from the South.

Cause: Floods, droughts, boll weevil, Effect: Displacement and poverty for Black farmers.

Cause: Jim Crow laws, lynchings, Effect: Migration to the North for safety.

Cause: Industrialization, Effect: Easier travel for migrants to the North.

Cause: Black newspapers like *The Chicago Defender*, Effect: Encouraged migration and provided information about job opportunities.

Cause: African Americans leaving the South, Effect: Resistance to migration and attempts to keep cheap labor.

Cause: African Americans leaving the South, Effect: Connected Black communities across the country and fostered a sense of shared identity.

Cause: African Americans moving to cities, Effect: Growth of vibrant Black cultural centers and increased racial tensions.

Cause: African Americans moving to cities, Effect: Formation of the National Urban League to help Black migrants adjust to urban life.

Cause: Push factors (racial violence, lack of opportunity), Effect: Loss of labor, economic disruption, demographic shift.