Cause: Compromise of 1877, white resistance. Effect: Rise of Jim Crow, disenfranchisement, racial violence.

Cause: Legal challenge to segregation. Effect: Legalized 'separate but equal,' expanded Jim Crow.

Cause: White supremacist ideology, desire to maintain power. Effect: Limited Black political representation, reinforced racial hierarchy.

Cause: Jim Crow laws, racial violence, economic opportunity in the North. Effect: Growth of Black urban communities, cultural shifts, new challenges.

Cause: Decades of racial inequality, activism, legal challenges. Effect: Landmark legislation, increased Black political power, ongoing struggle for equality.

Cause: The Great Migration, concentration of Black talent in Harlem. Effect: Flourishing of Black art, literature, and music, new sense of identity.

Cause: Legal challenges, growing awareness of educational inequality. Effect: Desegregation of schools, resistance, continued inequality.

Cause: Frustration with slow pace of civil rights, police brutality. Effect: Increased Black pride, advocacy for self-determination, controversy.

Cause: Racial tension, false accusations. Effect: Destruction of Black community, loss of life, historical trauma.

Cause: Post-war racial tensions, competition for jobs and housing. Effect: Widespread racial violence, loss of life, increased activism.

An agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election and effectively ended Reconstruction.

Southern states rewrote their constitutions to establish de jure segregation.

Over 4,000 African Americans were lynched, terrorizing the Black community.

Used threats, beatings, and murder to maintain racial hierarchy and suppress Black rights.

Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, declaring that 'separate educational facilities are inherently unequal'.

It led to the rise of the Jim Crow Era, characterized by segregation and disenfranchisement.

To mandate racial segregation in public spaces and reverse the rights gained by African Americans during Reconstruction.

They effectively stripped many African Americans of their right to vote due to poverty.

Denied suffrage to many African Americans due to the legacy of slavery and lack of educational opportunities.

To exclude most Black people from voting while allowing many whites to bypass literacy tests and poll taxes.

An educator and leader who advocated for vocational training and economic self-reliance for African Americans.

A scholar and activist who advocated for full civil rights and intellectual development for African Americans; co-founded the NAACP.

A journalist and activist who documented and protested lynching in the United States.

An abolitionist, human rights leader, orator, publicist, author, and reformer. He was one of the most important African Americans during the 19th century.

A proponent of the Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements, he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).

An entrepreneur, philanthropist, and political and social activist. She is recorded as the first self-made female millionaire in America.

A poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. He was one of the earliest innovators of the then-new literary art form called jazz poetry.

An author, anthropologist, and filmmaker. She portrayed racial struggles in the early-20th-century American South and published research on hoodoo.

A lawyer and civil rights activist who served as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1967 to 1991. Marshall was the Court's first African-American justice.

An activist whose act of defiance in Montgomery, Alabama helped spark the Montgomery Bus Boycott.