All Flashcards
How do de jure and de facto segregation compare?
De jure: Segregation by law. | De facto: Segregation by custom or practice.
How do Booker T. Washington's and W.E.B. Du Bois's approaches to racial equality compare?
Washington: Advocated vocational training and gradual progress. | Du Bois: Advocated full civil rights and intellectual development immediately.
How do the Niagara Movement and the NAACP compare?
Niagara Movement: Short-lived, radical civil rights group. | NAACP: Established, influential civil rights organization.
How do the Black Power Movement and the Civil Rights Movement compare?
Civil Rights Movement: Sought integration and legal equality through nonviolence. | Black Power Movement: Advocated Black pride, self-determination, and sometimes separatism.
How do the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment compare?
Emancipation Proclamation: Freed slaves in rebelling states. | 13th Amendment: Abolished slavery everywhere in the U.S.
How do affirmative action and equal opportunity compare?
Equal Opportunity: Ensures everyone has the same chances. | Affirmative Action: Takes extra steps to help groups that have been discriminated against.
How do integration and segregation compare?
Integration: Mixing different groups together. | Segregation: Keeping different groups separate.
How do race and ethnicity compare?
Race: A social construct based on physical traits. | Ethnicity: Cultural heritage and shared identity.
How do civil rights and human rights compare?
Civil Rights: Rights of citizens within a country. | Human Rights: Basic rights all people should have.
How do protest and resistance compare?
Protest: Expressing disapproval or objection. | Resistance: Active opposition to authority or control.
What were the causes and effects of the dismantling of Reconstruction?
Cause: Compromise of 1877, white resistance. Effect: Rise of Jim Crow, disenfranchisement, racial violence.
What were the causes and effects of Plessy v. Ferguson?
Cause: Legal challenge to segregation. Effect: Legalized 'separate but equal,' expanded Jim Crow.
What were the causes and effects of Black voter suppression?
Cause: White supremacist ideology, desire to maintain power. Effect: Limited Black political representation, reinforced racial hierarchy.
What were the causes and effects of the Great Migration?
Cause: Jim Crow laws, racial violence, economic opportunity in the North. Effect: Growth of Black urban communities, cultural shifts, new challenges.
What were the causes and effects of the Civil Rights Movement?
Cause: Decades of racial inequality, activism, legal challenges. Effect: Landmark legislation, increased Black political power, ongoing struggle for equality.
What were the causes and effects of the Harlem Renaissance?
Cause: The Great Migration, concentration of Black talent in Harlem. Effect: Flourishing of Black art, literature, and music, new sense of identity.
What were the causes and effects of the Brown v. Board of Education?
Cause: Legal challenges, growing awareness of educational inequality. Effect: Desegregation of schools, resistance, continued inequality.
What were the causes and effects of the Black Power Movement?
Cause: Frustration with slow pace of civil rights, police brutality. Effect: Increased Black pride, advocacy for self-determination, controversy.
What were the causes and effects of the Tulsa Race Massacre?
Cause: Racial tension, false accusations. Effect: Destruction of Black community, loss of life, historical trauma.
What were the causes and effects of the Red Summer of 1919?
Cause: Post-war racial tensions, competition for jobs and housing. Effect: Widespread racial violence, loss of life, increased activism.
What was the Compromise of 1877?
An informal agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election; it resulted in the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction.
What was the impact of the end of Reconstruction?
Led to the rise of Jim Crow laws, disenfranchisement of Black voters, and increased racial violence in the South.
What was the purpose of Black Codes?
Restrict African Americans' freedom and compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.
What was the Great Migration?
The movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1916 and 1970.
What was the Red Summer of 1919?
A period of intense racial violence and riots across the United States, particularly targeting African Americans.
What was the Tulsa Race Massacre?
A white mob attacked residents and businesses in the predominantly Black Greenwood neighborhood of Tulsa, Oklahoma, resulting in numerous deaths and widespread destruction.
What was the impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1875?
Prohibited racial discrimination in public accommodations and transportation, but was later deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
What was the Atlanta Compromise?
An agreement between Booker T. Washington and other African American leaders and white Southern leaders that Southern blacks would work and submit to white political rule, while Southern whites guaranteed that blacks would receive basic education and due process in law.
What was the Niagara Movement?
A black civil rights organization founded in 1905 by a group including W. E. B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter. It was a call for opposition to racial segregation and disenfranchisement, and it was opposed to policies of accommodation and conciliation promoted by African American leaders such as Booker T. Washington.
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
A cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanning the 1920s. During the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke.