The Practice of Freedom

Segregation arising from individual prejudices.

Segregation established by law.

Segregation resulting from economic disparities.

Segregation that is unintended but occurs in practice.

Laws that promoted integration in schools but maintained segregation in transportation.

Laws that mandated racial segregation in public spaces like schools, transportation, and restrooms.

Laws that focused solely on economic segregation, limiting job opportunities for African Americans.

Laws that encouraged voluntary segregation based on personal preferences.

Providing transportation to polling places.

Offering financial incentives for voting.

Poll taxes.

Ensuring equal access to education.

Both ensured that only educated African Americans could vote.

Poll taxes primarily affected wealthy African Americans, while literacy tests targeted the poor.

Poll taxes disproportionately affected poor African Americans, while literacy tests denied suffrage due to the legacy of slavery and unequal education.

Both methods were equally applied to all citizens regardless of race or economic status.

By directly stating that African Americans could not vote.

By requiring all citizens to pass a rigorous civics exam.

By allowing people to vote only if their grandfather had been eligible before the Civil War, excluding most Black people.

By imposing property ownership requirements on all voters.

A legal form of punishment for serious crimes committed by African Americans.

A public health initiative aimed at reducing disease in Black communities.

A brutal killing without trial, often a public spectacle, used to terrorize the Black community.

An educational program designed to teach African Americans about the legal system.

The KKK primarily focused on promoting educational opportunities for African Americans.

The KKK used threats, beatings, and murder to maintain racial hierarchy and suppress Black rights.

The KKK worked to integrate public facilities and ensure equal access for all citizens.

The KKK was a law enforcement agency tasked with maintaining order and protecting Black communities.

1868; 'Separate but equal'

1896; 'Separate but equal'

1954; 'Separate but equal'

1877; 'Separate but equal'

It led to the immediate desegregation of all public facilities.

It provided a legal basis for segregation, leading to the codification and expansion of Jim Crow laws.

It had no impact on Jim Crow laws.

It outlawed segregation in interstate travel.

It had no significant impact on American race relations.

It immediately led to the dismantling of segregation.

It endorsed racial discrimination under the law, perpetuating inequality for over half a century.

It strengthened civil rights protections for African Americans.