All Flashcards
Define Jim Crow.
Laws enforcing racial segregation in the U.S., primarily in the South.
What is disenfranchisement?
The denial of voting rights to a person or group of people.
Define poll tax.
A fee required to vote, used to disenfranchise Black voters.
What are literacy tests?
Unfair tests used to prevent Black people from voting.
Define grandfather clause.
Exempted whites from voting restrictions based on ancestry.
What is 'separate but equal'?
Doctrine that segregation was legal if facilities were equal.
Define lynching.
Murder by a mob, often racially motivated against Black people.
What is the Nadir of Race Relations?
Period of intense racial violence and discrimination post-Reconstruction.
What is racial terrorism?
Acts of violence used to intimidate and control a racial group.
Define segregation.
The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment.
Who was Ida B. Wells-Barnett?
Investigative journalist and civil rights activist who exposed lynching.
What was Ida B. Wells-Barnett's impact?
She galvanized national and international opposition to lynching.
What was the role of African American journalists?
Exposed brutality of lynching and challenged racist narratives.
What was the role of Black churches?
Fostered leadership and community during the Jim Crow era.
What was the role of Black schools?
Fostered leadership and community during the Jim Crow era.
Who were the leaders of the NAACP?
Various civil rights leaders who fought for legal and political equality.
What was the role of local activists?
Organized boycotts and protests against segregation and discrimination.
What was the role of community leaders?
Provided support and guidance to African Americans facing oppression.
What was the role of the Black Press?
Platform for Black voices, often ignored by mainstream media.
What was the role of lawyers and legal scholars?
Challenged discriminatory laws and policies in court.
What was Plessy v. Ferguson?
1896 Supreme Court case that upheld 'separate but equal,' legalizing segregation.
What was Brown v. Board of Education?
1954 Supreme Court case that overturned Plessy, ending school segregation.
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Law that dismantled Jim Crow's legal foundation.
What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Law that dismantled Jim Crow's legal foundation, protecting voting rights.
What was the significance of the Red Summer?
A period of intense racial violence and riots in 1919 across the United States.
What was the Atlanta Race Riot of 1906?
A violent outbreak in Atlanta fueled by racial tensions and false accusations.
What was the Tulsa Race Massacre?
A devastating attack on the Greenwood district in Tulsa, Oklahoma, a prosperous Black community, in 1921.
What was the East St. Louis Massacre?
A deadly race riot in 1917, marked by extreme violence against African Americans.
What was the Rosewood Massacre?
The destruction of a Black town in Florida in 1923 by white mobs.
What was the impact of WWII on the Civil Rights Movement?
It highlighted the contradiction of fighting for democracy abroad while denying rights at home, fueling the movement.