All Flashcards
What was Plessy v. Ferguson?
1896 Supreme Court case that upheld 'separate but equal,' legalizing segregation.
What was Brown v. Board of Education?
1954 Supreme Court case that overturned Plessy, declared school segregation unconstitutional.
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Landmark legislation that dismantled Jim Crow's legal foundation.
What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Legislation that dismantled Jim Crow's legal foundation, protecting voting rights.
What was the Reconstruction Era?
The period after the Civil War focused on rebuilding the South and integrating formerly enslaved people into society.
What were the Trolley Boycotts?
African Americans refused to ride segregated public transportation.
When was the NAACP founded?
Founded in 1909 to fight for civil rights through legal and political means.
What was the impact of the Red Record publication?
Laid the groundwork for anti-lynching campaigns and influenced the early civil rights movement.
What was the purpose of Jim Crow Laws?
To maintain white supremacy and racial segregation in the Southern United States.
What was the impact of the failure of Reconstruction?
Led to the rise of white supremacy and the implementation of Jim Crow laws.
Define Jim Crow.
Laws enforcing racial segregation in the U.S., primarily in the South.
What is disenfranchisement?
The denial of voting rights to a person or group of people.
Define poll tax.
A fee required to vote, used to disenfranchise Black voters.
What are literacy tests?
Unfair tests used to prevent Black people from voting.
Define grandfather clause.
Exempted whites from voting restrictions based on ancestry.
What is 'separate but equal'?
Doctrine that segregation was legal if facilities were equal.
Define lynching.
Murder by a mob, often racially motivated against Black people.
What is the Nadir of Race Relations?
Period of intense racial violence and discrimination post-Reconstruction.
What is racial terrorism?
Acts of violence used to intimidate and control a racial group.
Define segregation.
The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment.
What was Plessy v. Ferguson?
1896 Supreme Court case that upheld 'separate but equal,' legalizing segregation.
What was Brown v. Board of Education?
1954 Supreme Court case that overturned Plessy, ending school segregation.
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Law that dismantled Jim Crow's legal foundation.
What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Law that dismantled Jim Crow's legal foundation, protecting voting rights.
What was the significance of the Red Summer?
A period of intense racial violence and riots in 1919 across the United States.
What was the Atlanta Race Riot of 1906?
A violent outbreak in Atlanta fueled by racial tensions and false accusations.
What was the Tulsa Race Massacre?
A devastating attack on the Greenwood district in Tulsa, Oklahoma, a prosperous Black community, in 1921.
What was the East St. Louis Massacre?
A deadly race riot in 1917, marked by extreme violence against African Americans.
What was the Rosewood Massacre?
The destruction of a Black town in Florida in 1923 by white mobs.
What was the impact of WWII on the Civil Rights Movement?
It highlighted the contradiction of fighting for democracy abroad while denying rights at home, fueling the movement.