All Flashcards
What happened in 1919?
The 'Red Summer,' marked by widespread racial violence and riots across the United States.
What was the Chicago Race Riot of 1919?
A riot started when a Black teen was killed for crossing a segregation line at a beach.
What was the Washington D.C. Race Riot of 1919?
A riot triggered by false rumors of a Black man attacking a white woman.
What was the Elaine Massacre?
White mobs killed hundreds of Black sharecroppers organizing for better conditions in Elaine, Arkansas.
What was the Tulsa Race Massacre?
A white mob attacked and destroyed the Greenwood district of Tulsa, Oklahoma, known as 'Black Wall Street'.
Describe the Red Summer.
A period of intense racial violence in 1919, with over 30 major race riots erupting across the country.
What caused the Red Summer?
Returning Black veterans, the Great Migration, post-war economic chaos, and racial discrimination.
What was the impact of the Tulsa Massacre?
Destruction of homes and businesses, loss of life, and long-term economic disparities for the Black community.
What were push factors of the Great Migration?
Jim Crow laws, racial violence, limited opportunities, and oppressive sharecropping in the South.
What were pull factors of the Great Migration?
Industrial jobs, less overt racism, and established Black communities in the North.
What is 'Red Summer'?
The summer of 1919 marked by intense racial violence against Black communities across the U.S.
Define 'lynching'.
Extrajudicial killing by a mob, often used as a tool of racial terror against African Americans.
What was the Great Migration?
The movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North and West, seeking better opportunities and escaping Jim Crow.
What is 'Black Wall Street'?
Refers to the Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma, a thriving Black economic community destroyed in the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre.
What are Jim Crow laws?
State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
Define 'racial terrorism'.
Acts of violence and intimidation intended to instill fear in a racial group and maintain social control.
What is the NAACP?
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, a civil rights organization formed to fight for racial justice.
What is the UNIA?
The Universal Negro Improvement Association, founded by Marcus Garvey, promoted Black nationalism and Pan-Africanism.
What is 'sharecropping'?
An agricultural system where tenant farmers give a share of their crops to the landowner as rent, often trapping Black families in cycles of debt.
Define 'white supremacy'.
The belief that white people are superior to other races and should dominate society.
What is the significance of 'If We Must Die'?
A poem by Claude McKay that became a symbol of Black resilience and inspired civil rights activists.
What is the historical significance of Tulsa Massacre photos?
Visual evidence of the destruction and human cost of the Tulsa Race Massacre.