The Practice of Freedom
The 'Red Summer' of 1919 is primarily remembered for:
A period of economic prosperity for African Americans.
Widespread racial violence and bloodshed across the United States.
The passage of landmark civil rights legislation.
Increased cultural exchange between African Americans and European immigrants.
Which of the following was a significant contributing factor to the racial tensions during the Red Summer?
Increased funding for Black schools
The return of Black veterans from World War I
Decreased competition for jobs in urban areas
Widespread support for racial equality among white Americans
Which combination of factors best explains the surge in white supremacist violence during the 'Red Summer'?
Increased Black voter turnout, decreased immigration, and economic boom.
Returning Black veterans seeking equality, the Great Migration causing job competition, and post-war economic instability.
Decline of the KKK, federal intervention in Southern states, and expansion of Black-owned businesses.
Increased segregation in the South, decreased Black literacy rates, and support for Black nationalism.
What was the primary cause of the Tulsa Race Massacre?
A dispute over land ownership between Black and white residents.
A false accusation against a Black man that led to a white mob attacking Greenwood.
A political rally organized by Black activists that was violently suppressed.
A labor strike by Black oil workers that turned violent.
The Tulsa Race Massacre resulted in the destruction of a prosperous Black community known as:
Harlem Renaissance
Black Wall Street
Little Africa
Sugar Hill
What was the long-term economic impact of the Tulsa Race Massacre on the Greenwood community?
It led to increased investment in Black-owned businesses.
It had no significant long-term economic impact.
It resulted in the complete destruction of Black wealth and hindered generational economic progress.
It spurred the creation of new job opportunities for Black residents.
Which of the following is an example of African American resistance to white supremacy during the Red Summer era?
Acceptance of segregation laws
Formation of civil rights organizations like the NAACP
Decreased participation in the Great Migration
Support for white political candidates

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During the Red Summer, African Americans resisted white supremacy through:
Ignoring acts of violence and focusing on personal advancement.
Political activism, legal battles, and armed self-defense.
Moving to predominantly white neighborhoods to promote integration.
Adopting the cultural norms and values of the white majority.
Evaluate the effectiveness of self-defense as a resistance strategy during the Red Summer.
Self-defense was largely ineffective due to the overwhelming power of white supremacist groups.
Self-defense was effective in preventing all instances of racial violence.
Self-defense, while risky, provided immediate protection for communities and challenged white supremacist violence.
Self-defense was discouraged by civil rights leaders as it often led to further violence.
A 'push' factor of the Great Migration was:
Availability of industrial jobs in the North
Less overt racism in Northern cities
Jim Crow laws in the South
Established Black communities in the North