Education focused on practical skills, like agriculture, carpentry, and masonry, to promote economic self-sufficiency.

W.E.B. Du Bois's concept of educating the most talented Black individuals to become leaders in their communities.

Ideology focused on the advancement of the Black community through education, economic empowerment, and moral improvement.

Education focused on broad intellectual development, including humanities, sciences, and critical thinking.

The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment.

Washington: Industrial education, gradual progress, economic focus. Du Bois: Liberal arts, immediate civil rights, political activism.

Industrial: Practical skills for economic self-sufficiency. Liberal Arts: Intellectual development for leadership and critical thinking.

An educator who advocated for industrial education and economic self-reliance for Black Americans.

A civil rights activist who advocated for liberal arts education and immediate political and social equality for Black Americans.