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Who was Aimé Césaire and what was his impact?
A writer and politician from Martinique, a founder of Négritude, and author of 'Discourse on Colonialism'.
Who was Léopold Sédar Senghor and what was his impact?
A Senegalese poet, politician, and theorist of Négritude, and the first president of Senegal.
Who was Léon Damas and what was his impact?
A poet from French Guiana and one of the founders of the Négritude movement.
Who was Nicolás Guillén and what was his impact?
A Cuban poet and a key figure in the Negrismo movement, known for his Afro-Cuban-inspired poetry.
Who was Luis Palés Matos and what was his impact?
A Puerto Rican poet associated with the Negrismo movement.
Who was Loïs Mailou Jones and what was her impact?
An African American artist of the Harlem Renaissance, known for her painting 'Les Fétiches'.
Who was Wifredo Lam and what was his impact?
A Cuban artist known for his surrealist paintings that reflected Afro-Cuban identity, such as 'The Jungle'.
Who was Jessie Redmon Fauset and what was her impact?
Editor of the NAACP journal 'The Crisis', she condemned racism and colonialism.
Who was Langston Hughes and what was his impact?
An American poet who expressed solidarity with Afro-Cuban struggles.
What was Aimé Césaire's political affiliation?
He was a member of the French Communist Party.
What is the significance of Négritude as a cultural movement?
It promoted the value and beauty of African culture and identity, challenging European cultural superiority.
What is the significance of Negrismo as a cultural movement?
It celebrated the African influence on Latin American culture, showcasing the vibrancy of Afro-Latin traditions.
How did Négritude influence literature?
It inspired writers to express their African identity, critique colonialism, and celebrate Black culture through poetry, essays, and novels.
How did Negrismo influence art?
It inspired artists to incorporate African rhythms, folklore, and religious traditions into their works, challenging Eurocentrism.
What role did music play in Negrismo?
Afro-Cuban rhythms and music were used to celebrate Black culture and critique social inequalities.
What is the significance of incorporating African religious traditions (Santería, Vodou) in Negrismo?
They brought their heritage to life.
What is the significance of Guillen's poetry?
It used the rhythms and language of Afro-Cuban music to celebrate Black culture and critique social inequalities.
What is the significance of Lam's works?
His works often depicted Afro-Cuban religious figures and symbols (orishas, Santería altars). His art was a visual representation of Afro-Cuban spirituality.
How did Négritude challenge white supremacy?
Négritude writers challenged the idea of white supremacy and the supposed inferiority of African cultures.
What was the significance of celebrating African history, art, and spirituality?
They were highlighting the richness and depth of African civilization.
Define Négritude.
A political, cultural, and literary movement (1930s-1950s) celebrating Blackness and resisting colonialism.
Define Negrismo.
A movement in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean celebrating African contributions to Latin American culture.
Define Harlem Renaissance.
A cultural and intellectual revival of African American arts and literature during the 1920s and 1930s.
Define Assimilation (in colonial context).
A colonial policy aimed at integrating colonized people into the culture and society of the colonizer.
Define Eurocentrism.
The practice of interpreting the world from a European perspective, often prioritizing European values and culture.
Define Colonialism.
The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
Define Anti-colonialism.
The political and ideological resistance to colonial rule and the desire for independence and self-determination.
Define African Socialism.
A political ideology promoted by Léopold Sédar Senghor based on traditional African values of community and sharing.
Define Diaspora.
The dispersion of any people from their original homeland.
Define New Negro Movement.
Focused on the African American experience, particularly the struggle against Jim Crow laws and lynching in the U.S.