All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of the Free Breakfast Program?
Cause: Food insecurity in Black communities. Effect: Improved nutrition for children, increased community support for the BPP, and influenced federal programs.
What were the causes and effects of COINTELPRO?
Cause: FBI's fear of the Black Panther Party's growing influence. Effect: Surveillance, infiltration, arrests, and deaths of BPP members, weakening the party.
Define Black empowerment.
The process of African Americans gaining political, economic, and social power to control their own communities and destinies.
Define social justice.
The fair and equitable distribution of resources and opportunities in society, particularly for marginalized groups.
What is Black nationalism?
A political ideology advocating for the social, political, and economic self-determination of Black people and the development of Black identity.
What is COINTELPRO?
A series of covert, and at times illegal, projects conducted by the FBI aimed at surveilling, infiltrating, discrediting, and disrupting domestic political organizations.
Define self-determination.
The right of a people to freely determine their political status and pursue their economic, social, and cultural development.
Define police brutality.
The excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement officers against civilians.
Define reparations.
The idea of repairing the damage done by slavery and Jim Crow laws through financial compensation and other means.
Define grassroots initiatives.
Community-based efforts and programs designed to address local needs and promote social change from the ground up.
What are survival programs?
Community-based initiatives created by the Black Panther Party to meet the immediate needs of Black communities, such as food, healthcare, and education.
Define intersectionality.
The interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender, creating overlapping systems of discrimination or disadvantage.
When was the Black Panther Party founded?
1966
What happened at the California State Capitol in 1967?
The Black Panther Party staged an armed protest to demonstrate their right to bear arms and protest the Mulford Act.
What happened at the BPP headquarters in Oakland in 1969?
An armed conflict occurred between the Black Panther Party members and law enforcement.
What was the significance of the Mulford Act?
A California law enacted in 1967 that repealed open carry laws, largely in response to the Black Panther Party's armed demonstrations.
When did the Free Breakfast Program start?
Late 1960s
What was the purpose of the Free Breakfast Program?
To provide free breakfasts to children in low-income Black communities.
What did the FBI do under COINTELPRO?
Targeted the BPP with surveillance, infiltration, and disruption tactics.
What was the BPP newspaper named?
"The Black Panther"
When was the Ten-Point Program created?
1966
When was the image of Black Panther Women in Oakland taken?
1968