All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of the eugenics movement?
Cause: Belief in improving genetic quality through selective breeding. Effect: Heightened stigmatization, forced sterilization, and discrimination against Black people with disabilities.
What were the causes and effects of the Black hospital movement?
Cause: Healthcare disparities and limited access for African Americans. Effect: Improved access to healthcare, training opportunities for Black medical professionals, and community empowerment.
Who was George Washington Carver?
Transformed agriculture with methods to prevent soil depletion.
Who was Garrett Morgan?
Invented gas masks and traffic lights, improving safety and efficiency.
Who was Lewis Latimer?
Created longer-lasting light bulbs, contributing to widespread electrification.
Who was Otis Boykin?
Developed resistors used in computers and pacemakers.
Who was Katherine Johnson?
NASA mathematician whose calculations were essential for space travel.
Who was Mae Jemison?
Physician, engineer, and first African American woman in space.
Who was Mary Jackson?
NASA's first Black female engineer, contributed to supersonic flight research.
Who was Christine Darden?
NASA data analyst and aerospace engineer, specializing in sonic boom minimization.
Who was Daniel Hale Williams?
Founded Provident Hospital and performed the first successful heart surgery.
Who was Kizzmekia Corbett?
Viral immunologist, central to the development of the Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.
What was the Black hospital movement?
A movement in the mid-20th century to improve access to healthcare for underserved African American communities by establishing Black-owned and nonsegregated hospitals.
What was the significance of Provident Hospital's founding?
Founded in 1891 by Daniel Hale Williams, it was the first Black-owned hospital in the US, providing crucial medical services and training opportunities.
What was the impact of the Tuskegee Institute?
Founded by Booker T. Washington, the Tuskegee Institute played a vital role in training Black nurses, addressing healthcare needs in African American communities.
What was the significance of Mae Jemison's space mission in 1992?
Mae Jemison's mission aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour was a milestone, making her the first African American woman in space.
What was the impact of Onesimus introducing Variolation?
Onesimus, an enslaved man, introduced variolation (an early form of vaccination) to the British American colonies, helping to control smallpox.
What was the impact of the Eugenics movement?
The rise of eugenics in the early 20th century heightened stigmatization based on race and ability, leading to discrimination and forced sterilization programs targeting Black people with disabilities.
What was the impact of the ADA?
The ADA, passed in 1990, prohibited discrimination against people with disabilities, mandated accessibility requirements, and required employers to provide reasonable accommodations.
What was the impact of the National Medical Association (NMA)?
Founded in 1895, the NMA promoted the interests of Black physicians and addressed health disparities in African American communities.
What contributions did Katherine Johnson make to NASA?
Katherine Johnson's mathematical calculations were essential for space travel, including the Apollo missions.
What was the significance of Henrietta Lacks' cells?
Henrietta Lacks' cells (HeLa) have been crucial in countless medical breakthroughs, though her story also highlights ethical issues in medical research.