All Flashcards
Who were Kenneth and Mamie Clark and what was their impact?
Psychologists whose 'doll test' study showed the psychological damage of segregation on children.
Who was President Eisenhower and what was their impact?
Sent federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine, showing federal role in desegregation.
What was the significance of Brown v. Board?
Supreme Court decision that ruled segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson.
What was the Little Rock Nine?
Nine African American students who integrated Little Rock Central High School in 1957, facing resistance and requiring federal intervention.
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1875?
Aimed to grant citizenship rights and equal protection, but wasn't fully enforced, leading to ongoing struggles.
What was Plessy v. Ferguson?
1896 Supreme Court case that established the 'separate but equal' doctrine, allowing segregation.
What was the impact of school closures in response to integration?
Some schools closed rather than integrate, perpetuating racial segregation in education.
What was the role of federal troops in school integration?
President Eisenhower sent federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine, enforcing desegregation.
What was the impact of funding cuts on integrated schools?
Some states reduced funding for integrated schools, while supporting white schools, hindering integration.
What was the effect of White Flight?
Maintained segregation as white families moved to suburbs and enrolled their children in private schools.
What was the impact of the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka?
Supreme Court decision overturned 'separate but equal', declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional, cornerstone of Civil Rights Movement.
What was the impact of the Doll Test?
Revealed how societal racism influenced young Black children to internalize negative stereotypes, played a crucial role in the Brown v. Board of Education case.
How do de jure and de facto segregation compare?
De jure: Legally mandated segregation | De facto: Segregation in practice, without legal basis.