What were the causes and effects of the Brown v. Board decision?
Cause: Overturn 'separate but equal' doctrine, Effect: Paved way for desegregation efforts.
What were the causes and effects of white flight?
Cause: Desire to avoid integrated schools, Effect: Perpetuated racial segregation in education.
What were the causes and effects of the Clark Doll Test?
Cause: Showed psychological harm of segregation, Effect: Provided evidence for Brown v. Board decision.
Define systemic racism.
Discrimination and segregation embedded in all aspects of life.
Define de jure segregation.
Segregation mandated by law.
Define de facto segregation.
Segregation existing in practice, even without legal sanction.
What is 'white flight'?
The migration of white families from integrated areas to suburbs or private schools.
Define segregation.
The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment.
Define discrimination.
The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.
What is the 'separate but equal' doctrine?
Legal doctrine that upheld racial segregation as long as facilities were deemed equal in quality; overturned by Brown v. Board.
What is the 14th Amendment?
Guarantees equal protection under the law; used in Brown v. Board to challenge segregation.
Define integration.
The process of bringing people of different races together in society.
What are Reconstruction Amendments?
13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments aimed to grant citizenship rights and equal protection after the Civil War.
Who were Kenneth and Mamie Clark?
Psychologists whose 'doll test' study showed the psychological damage of segregation on children, crucial to Brown v. Board.
What was President Eisenhower's role in the Little Rock Nine?
Sent federal troops to escort the students and ensure their safety, demonstrating federal enforcement of desegregation.
