All Flashcards
Who was Elijah Muhammad?
Leader of the Nation of Islam from 1934 to 1975, advocating for Black separatism and economic self-sufficiency.
Who was Malcolm X?
A Muslim minister and activist who advocated for Black autonomy, self-reliance, and self-defense. He later embraced global solidarity.
What was Elijah Muhammad's role?
He shaped the Nation of Islam's ideology and its impact on the Black community.
What did Elijah Muhammad encourage?
He encouraged followers to adopt Muslim surnames or use "X" to reject slave names.
What did Malcolm X criticize?
Malcolm X criticized nonviolence, arguing for the right to self-defense against violence.
What did Malcolm X pursue?
Malcolm X pursued Black nationalism, pan-African solidarity, and human rights.
What did Malcolm X build?
Malcolm X built relationships with leaders in Africa and the Middle East.
What did Malcolm X advocate?
Malcolm X advocated for Black-owned institutions rather than integration.
What did Malcolm X believe?
Malcolm X believed Black people needed to develop pride in their own culture and rely on themselves.
What did Malcolm X encourage African Americans to do?
Malcolm X encouraged African Americans to exercise their Second Amendment rights.
What was the role of Muhammad Speaks newspaper?
The official publication of the Nation of Islam, spreading Black nationalist thought.
What did Muhammad Speaks demonstrate?
It demonstrated grassroots efforts to reach audiences beyond religious spaces.
What does the Muhammad Speaks newspaper sales represent?
It shows the power of print media in community organizing and consciousness-raising.
What were the causes and effects of the Great Migration?
Cause: Racism, economic opportunity | Effect: New urban communities, new challenges.
What were the causes and effects of disillusionment with the Civil Rights Movement?
Cause: Slow pace of change, systemic issues | Effect: Rise of Black Power movement.
What were the causes and effects of Malcolm X's pilgrimage to Mecca?
Cause: Seeking deeper understanding of Islam | Effect: Shift to global solidarity.
What were the causes and effects of the Nation of Islam's emphasis on economic self-reliance?
Cause: Desire for Black autonomy | Effect: Establishment of NOI-owned businesses.
What were the causes and effects of Malcolm X's assassination?
Cause: Controversial views, enemies | Effect: Martyrdom, continued inspiration for Black Power.
What were the causes and effects of the Black Power movement's emphasis on self-defense?
Cause: Perceived inadequacy of nonviolence | Effect: Armed self-defense groups like the Black Panthers.
What were the causes and effects of the Nation of Islam's unique mythology?
Cause: Desire to reverse racial hierarchy | Effect: Promotion of Black pride.
What were the causes and effects of the Civil Rights Movement's focus on integration?
Cause: Desire for equal rights and opportunities | Effect: Legal victories, but also continued systemic inequality.
What were the causes and effects of Malcolm X's criticism of nonviolence?
Cause: Belief that nonviolence was ineffective against systemic violence | Effect: Inspired groups like the Black Panther Party.
What were the causes and effects of the Nation of Islam's advocacy for Black separatism?
Cause: Belief that integration was not possible or desirable | Effect: Creation of separate institutions and communities.