Movements and Debates

It was a way to assimilate into mainstream American culture.

It was primarily a symbolic gesture with no real impact.

It was done to reject slave names and reclaim their identity.

It was a requirement for joining the Civil Rights Movement.

He believed nonviolence was always the most effective strategy for achieving social change.

He argued nonviolence was ineffective against systemic violence and that African Americans had the right to defend themselves.

He advocated for initiating violence as a means of achieving political goals.

He believed self-defense was only justified in cases of direct physical assault.

Advocating for complete integration with white society to achieve equality.

Promoting non-violent resistance as the primary means of achieving social change.

Emphasizing Black people as the original humans and reversing racial hierarchy to promote Black pride.

Focusing solely on spiritual enlightenment and rejecting political activism.

The Nation of Islam focused solely on achieving legal and political equality through integration, while the Civil Rights movement advocated for complete separation.

The Nation of Islam promoted Black separatism and self-sufficiency, while the Civil Rights movement primarily sought integration and equal rights within the existing system.

The Nation of Islam rejected religious beliefs and focused solely on economic empowerment, while the Civil Rights movement emphasized the importance of faith and spirituality.

The Nation of Islam advocated for violent revolution to overthrow the government, while the Civil Rights movement strictly adhered to nonviolent tactics.

Malcolm X

Louis Farrakhan

Elijah Muhammad

Muhammad Ali

By encouraging them to adopt a strict policy of nonviolence and passive resistance.

By inspiring their practice of armed self-defense and monitoring police activity.

By urging them to prioritize integration into white society and abandon Black cultural pride.

By advocating for complete dependence on government assistance and charitable donations.

By promoting integration into existing white-owned businesses.

By establishing NOI-owned businesses to create a self-sustaining community.

By relying solely on government assistance and charitable donations.

By focusing exclusively on individual wealth accumulation rather than community development.

The Civil Rights Movement focused on integration and nonviolence, while the Black Power Movement emphasized self-determination, cultural pride, and self-defense.

The Civil Rights Movement sought to establish a separate Black nation within the United States, while the Black Power Movement advocated for complete assimilation into white society.

The Civil Rights Movement rejected the use of political action and focused solely on spiritual enlightenment, while the Black Power Movement prioritized political activism and community organizing.

The Civil Rights Movement aimed to maintain the status quo and preserve existing power structures, while the Black Power Movement sought to overthrow the government through violent revolution.

He advocated for integration into existing white-owned institutions.

He believed Black people should primarily focus on individual achievements rather than collective action.

He advocated for Black-owned institutions rather than integration.

He thought Black people should rely solely on government assistance and charitable donations.

Atlanta

Detroit

Chicago

Harlem