The Practice of Freedom

W.E.B. Du Bois

Booker T. Washington

Langston Hughes

Marcus Garvey

It led to a decline in the popularity of blues music.

It transformed blues as African Americans moved to northern cities, leading to the emergence of electric blues.

It confined blues music to rural areas of the American South.

It had no significant impact on the development of blues music.

Opera houses

Cabarets

Symphony orchestras

Ballet companies

They reinforced racial stereotypes and limited opportunities for Black actors.

They provided major roles for Black performers but were not commercially successful.

They showcased Black talent and provided leading roles for Black actors in a time of limited opportunities.

They were exclusively shown in segregated theaters.

The Harlem Renaissance focused solely on music, while the Jazz Age emphasized literature.

The Harlem Renaissance centered on political activism, while the Jazz Age promoted social integration.

The Harlem Renaissance emphasized intellectual and cultural development, while the Jazz Age focused on the popularization of music and entertainment.

Both movements had identical goals and methods, differing only in name.

Chicago

New Orleans

American South

New York

Chicago

New Orleans

New York

Memphis

Strict adherence to written scores

Emphasis on minor keys and somber melodies

Improvisation and syncopation

Use of traditional European harmonies

It discouraged artistic expression in favor of political activism.

It led to the assimilation of Black culture into mainstream American culture.

It created new platforms for Black artists and celebrated Black identity.

It reinforced negative stereotypes about African Americans.

Synthesized sounds and electronic beats

Complex orchestral arrangements

Emotive vocals and call-and-response patterns

Fast-paced tempos and upbeat melodies