The Practice of Freedom

A period of increased segregation and discrimination against African Americans

A political movement focused on gaining voting rights for African Americans

A cultural and artistic movement celebrating Black culture and identity

An economic movement focused on creating Black-owned businesses

The economic disparities between Black and white communities.

The racist idea that Black people lacked cultural contributions.

The political disenfranchisement of African Americans in the South.

The need for vocational training over academic education for Black individuals.

Assimilation into white culture through education.

The importance of religious instruction above all else.

African Americans should control their own education and explore their history.

Segregation as a means of preserving Black culture.

By advocating for complete segregation to foster independence.

By encouraging African Americans to embrace a Eurocentric curriculum.

By controlling their own education and exploring their history.

By focusing solely on vocational training to secure economic stability.

Booker T. Washington

W.E.B. Du Bois

Langston Hughes

Marcus Garvey

An African American who sought assimilation into white culture at all costs.

An African American who rejected their heritage in favor of European traditions.

A confident, creative, and politically active African American who challenged stereotypes and demanded equality.

An African American who focused solely on economic advancement, disregarding social issues.

By advocating for complete segregation, which later inspired the Black Power movement.

By laying the groundwork for future movements through its emphasis on racial pride, unity, and advocacy for civil rights.

By discouraging political activism in favor of artistic expression.

It had no influence.

Through government-funded research institutions.

Through the efforts of Black activists, educators, writers, and archivists.

Through the establishment of segregated academic departments in white universities.

Through European patronage of African scholars.

To promote assimilation into white culture.

To reinforce dominant narratives about African Americans.

To challenge narratives that marginalized or erased African American history.

To discourage the study of African history and culture.

To provide vocational training for African Americans.

To educate children of enslaved and free Black people.

To promote segregation in education.

To prepare Black students for European universities.