The Practice of Freedom

Promoting racial integration within existing white-dominated societies.

Establishing independent Black nations, particularly in Africa.

Achieving gradual civil rights reforms through legislative changes.

Focusing solely on economic development within African American communities in the United States.

Lobbying the United States government for civil rights legislation.

Establishing Black-owned businesses and institutions.

Forming alliances with white-led civil rights organizations.

Promoting assimilation into mainstream American culture.

The UNIA focused on integration, while other organizations advocated for segregation.

The UNIA prioritized economic empowerment and Black nationalism, while other organizations focused on integration and legal reforms.

The UNIA rejected any form of political activism, while other organizations actively engaged in lobbying and protests.

The UNIA sought to maintain the status quo, while other organizations pushed for radical social change.

To encourage African Americans to learn about their African heritage while remaining in the United States.

To promote tourism to Africa among wealthy African Americans.

To facilitate the return of African Americans to their ancestral homeland in Africa.

To establish trade relationships between African American businesses and African nations.

Because African Americans lacked the skills and education necessary to compete with white Americans.

Because systemic racism and discrimination prevented Black people from achieving equality.

Because African Americans were not interested in assimilating into white society.

Because the U.S. government refused to grant citizenship to African Americans.

To provide financial assistance to African American businesses.

To promote racial integration in the United States.

To facilitate the transportation of African Americans to Africa and promote trade.

To advocate for civil rights legislation in Congress.

It successfully transported thousands of African Americans to Africa, leading to the establishment of thriving Black communities.

It faced financial difficulties and mismanagement, hindering its ability to achieve its goals.

It was praised by the U.S. government for promoting international trade and cultural exchange.

It faced no significant challenges and operated smoothly throughout its existence.

By promoting assimilation into white American culture.

By discouraging the study of African history and culture.

By promoting the wearing of African-inspired clothing and the adoption of African names.

By advocating for the removal of all traces of African culture from African American life.

Discouraging the study of African history to focus on American achievements.

Promoting the adoption of European customs and traditions.

Championing the study of African history and civilizations.

Encouraging African Americans to change their names to European ones.

To focus solely on the civil rights of African Americans within the United States.

To promote the continuation of European colonial rule in Africa.

To achieve Black liberation from colonialism and oppression across Africa, the Caribbean, and the Americas.

To advocate for the segregation of Black people in all parts of the world.