Black Organizing in the North: Freedom, Women's Rights, and Education
Adam King
8 min read
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Study Guide Overview
This study guide covers the growth and institutions of Free Black communities, focusing on their cultural and economic development. It examines Black women's activism, highlighting speeches, publications, and the contributions of Maria W. Stewart. The guide emphasizes the concept of intersectionality, linking race, gender, and class. Finally, it analyzes Stewart's "Why Sit Here and Die," exploring its key themes and historical significance.
#AP African American Studies: Night Before Review š
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#1. Free Black Community Organization
#Growth of Free Black Population
- The free Black population grew significantly from the late 1700s to the early 1800s. š
- By 1860, free Black people were about 12% of the total Black population in the U.S.
- More free Black people lived in the South than the North, but they were still a small proportion compared to the enslaved population in the South. š
#Community-Building Institutions
- Free Black communities, though smaller, created strong bonds in urban centers like Philadelphia, New York, and New Orleans. šļø
- They formed mutual-aid societies to fund schools, businesses, and churches. š¦
- These institutions were independent and supported Black writers and speakers. š£ļø
Free Black communities were crucial for cultural and economic development, laying the groundwork for future activism.
Practice Question
Multiple Choice Question
Which of the following best describes the role of mutual-aid societies in free Black communities during the early 19th century?
A) They primarily focused on political lobbying efforts. B) They provided financial support for community institutions and businesses. C) They organized armed resistance against slavery. D) They facilitated the Underground Railroad.
Short Answer Question
Briefly explain how the growth of free Black communities contributed to the development of African American culture and identity.
Free Response Question
Analyze the factors that contributed to the growth of free Black communities in the United States during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In your response, consider the geographic distribution of these communities and the types of institutions they established. (3 points)
- Point 1: Identification of factors contributing to the growth of free black communities (e.g., manumission, self-purchase, migration).
- Point 2: Explanation of the geographic distribution of free black communities (e.g., concentration in the Upper South and urban areas).
- Point 3: Analysis of the types of institutions these communities established and their significance (e.g., churches, schools, mutual aid societies).
#2. Black Women's Activist Techniques
#Speeches and Publications
- Black women activists in the 1800s use...
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