A rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open.

The direction of the Kaaba (in Mecca), toward which Muslims turn in prayer.

The art of beautiful handwriting, especially as practiced in Islamic cultures.

Small, highly detailed paintings, often used to illustrate manuscripts in Persian art.

The black silk cloth covering the Kaaba, adorned with gold calligraphy.

Both are Persian miniatures, but 'Bahram Gur' shows a blending of Mongol and Persian styles, while 'Gayumars' exemplifies the refined style of Safavid Persian painting.

The Dome of the Rock is a shrine marking a significant religious site, while the Great Mosque is a place of worship and a complex showcasing architectural evolution.

The Ardabil Carpet uses silk warps and wefts with a wool pile, while the Qur'an folio uses vellum and gold ink, reflecting different artistic and functional purposes.

The Kaaba is the holiest site in Islam, symbolizing the unity of the Muslim community, while the Jowo Rinpoche is a highly revered statue of the Buddha, representing the enduring power of Buddhist faith.

The Dome of the Rock features early Islamic mosaics and calligraphy, while the Great Mosque showcases intricate tilework, calligraphy, and geometric designs that evolved over centuries.

It demonstrates the importance of calligraphy in Islamic art, where beautiful writing is a revered form of artistic expression.

It exemplifies the tradition of carpet weaving as a major art form in Islamic culture, showcasing intricate designs and craftsmanship.

Represents the early development of Islamic architecture, incorporating Byzantine and Sasanian influences into a unique style.

It is from the *Shahnameh*, a Persian epic, and exemplifies the tradition of miniature painting used to illustrate important texts.

It demonstrates the evolution of Islamic architecture over time, showcasing various styles and techniques from different periods.