Ancient Mediterranean Art, 3500–300 BCE
Which writing material created by the ancient Egyptians facilitated record keeping and document creation?
Clay tablet
Papyrus
Silk
Parchment
Comparing statue Polykleitos' Doryphoros (Ancient Greece) and Augustus Primaporta (Roman Empire), what is the main difference in how each depicts their ideal man?
Doryphoros represents balanced proportion through harmonious mathematical ratios whereas Augustus Primaporta depicts an ideal emperor with divine attributes and military success
Though similar height, the two statues contrast primarily due use color distinguish between realistic representation versus an iconic symbol
Both show men completely nude communicate vulnerability honesty regarding the human condition
Polykleitos' sculpture illustrates casual pose while figure Augustus has his arms exaggeratedly raised indication authority
In what way does the iconography used in Etruscan tomb paintings reflect societal values distinct from their Greek contemporaries?
Representation of battles illustrates an emphasis on military prowess similar to Greeks'.
The portrayal of mythological scenes indicates direct religious borrowings with no unique interpretation by Etruscans.
Depicting lively banquets signifies a focus on earthly pleasures and family lineage continuity after death.
Showing athletic competitions underscores an identical value placed on physical excellence as seen in Greece.
Which ancient civilization is known for its use of large-scale wall paintings called frescoes?
Minoans
Persians
Sumerians
Romans
Why were ancient Egyptian pyramids such as those at Giza constructed?
As tombs for pharaohs and monuments symbolizing their power and divinity.
As palaces where pharaohs resided during their lifetime reigns.
As temples for worshipping a multitude of Egyptian deities.
As defensive structures against foreign invasions and attacks.
What does the emphasis on naturalistic body forms in Hellenistic Greek sculpture suggest about cultural shifts during this period?
An increased focus on geometric abstraction over realistic representation.
A return to the idealized proportions favored during the Archaic period.
A growing interest in individual expression and human emotion.
A continuation of Classical Greek traditions without significant changes.
What distinct feature differentiates Roman portrait sculpture from earlier Etruscan works?
Both featured exaggerated expressions, but Romans preferred full-body depictions over busts
Roman portraits exhibit verism, showing realistic aging and individual features compared to Etruscan stylization
Etruscan portraits focused on youthfulness while Roman portraits avoided depicting younger subjects
Roman sculptures were predominantly religious while Etruscans depicted secular leaders only

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Which architectural element is considered a hallmark of classical Greek temple design?
Inclusion of towering minarets at each corner.
Use of Doric or Ionic orders.
Extensive fresco decorations within sanctuaries.
Addition of large amphitheatres adjacent to temples.
How does Hellenistic sculptures such as Laocoön and His Sons deviate from Classical Greek statues concerning emotional expression?
They intensify dramatic expression suggesting human vulnerability to fate.
They utilize abstraction to communicate universal truths beyond specific emotions.
They adopt complete realism abstaining from any emotion, presenting objective views.
They revert back to geometric simplicity shunning emotive details altogether.
What was the primary purpose of ancient Egyptian pyramids?
Palaces for living.
Storage for grain.
Tombs for pharaohs.
Temples for worship.