Ancient Mediterranean Art, 3500–300 BCE
Which Egyptian building structure is recognized by its tapering point and was built as a tomb for pharaohs?
Pyramid
Sphinx
Temple
Obelisk
The repeated use of animal motifs in Minoan frescoes such as the "Bull-Leaping Fresco" from Knossos most directly signifies what aspect of Minoan culture?
A historical record of domesticated animals important for economic purposes.
A reverence for nature and possibly religious significance tied to animals.
The political dominance of Crete as symbolized by powerful creatures like bulls.
An artistic preference for naturalistic over abstract representation in art.
Which architectural element did both ancient Greeks & Romans use extensively?
Doric columns.
Adobe bricks.
Minarets.
Pointed arches.
What artistic characteristic was most affected by cross-cultural interactions between ancient Egypt and surrounding Mediterranean civilizations?
The introduction of hieroglyphic narratives that detailed mundane aspects of daily life over religious themes.
A shift away from stone to wood as the primary medium due to timber trade routes with Phoenicia.
Decreased use of hierarchical scale because neighboring societies favored egalitarian representations in art.
Formalized pose and proportion reflecting a synthesis between Egyptian rigidity and Mediterranean naturalism.
In what way did Hellenistic influences alter the function and reception of portrait sculpture during Roman times?
An emphasis on youthful appearances reflected societal shifts toward valuing wisdom more than experience or age.
Increased abstraction emphasized spiritual qualities over physical likeness to assert divine association with rulership.
Portraits prioritized uniformity and anonymity as expressions of unity under the expanding Republic then Empire eras.
Portraits combined realism with idealization, serving both commemorative and propagandistic functions within society.
The Parthenon on the Athenian Acropolis is a prime example of which architectural order?
Tuscan
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian
What is a common feature found in Romanesque churches?
Large stained glass windows.
Thick walls and small windows.
Elaborate frescoes covering all interior surfaces.
Tall spires and flying buttresses.

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What is a common feature in the columns of Greek temples such as the Parthenon?
Wall-sized frescoes
Fluted shafts
Mosaic adornment
Hieroglyphic inscriptions
What was a common function of Roman portrait busts during the Republic period?
To serve as idols for household religious practices.
To commemorate ancestors and display family lineage.
As gifts to forge political alliances with foreign powers.
To mark territories conquered by military leaders.
In what way do the architectural elements used in the Parthenon reflect a different approach compared to those seen in the ziggurats of Mesopotamia?
Complete absence of relief sculpture decorating external surfaces.
Construction primarily for worship rather than any secular purpose.
Use of columns and entablature versus terraced levels with solid massing.
Employment solely local materials without importing resources from afar.