Later European and American Art, 1750–1980 CE

Raphael

Sandro Botticelli

Titian

Leonardo da Vinci

A focus on urban life represented an unwelcome move towards modernity for those accustomed to idealized rural subjects in art at that time.

The integration of Eastern motifs into Western painting practices was seen as cultural appropriation by contemporaries.

The abandonment of linear perspective indicated a move away from Renaissance standards which unsettled viewers expecting traditional compositions.

The depiction of a nude woman confidently confronting the viewer challenged societal norms regarding modesty and sexuality.

Impasto

Monumental

Diptych

Still life

It depicted the plight of colonial subjects, critiquing French imperial policies.

The piece criticized religious institutions' control over artistic expression during that era.

The artwork was a protest against the oppressive labor conditions during the Industrial Revolution.

The painting challenged traditional representations of female nudes and their role in society.

It caused artists to focus exclusively on rural scenes in reaction to urban industrial landscapes.

It encouraged artists to abandon painting in favor of newly developed photographic techniques.

It led to a revival of classical styles as a form of escapism from rapid urbanization.

It inspired themes of modernization and technological progress in works like those of the Futurists.

Each artist incorporates text within their artwork as a means to question societal norms concerning love and aesthetics.

Both pieces employ abstraction to distance themselves from previous realistic representations found in academic painting traditions.

Klimt’s work uses ornamental gold leafing to elevate traditional romantic subjects, whereas Duchamp’s readymade challenges artistic authorship and originality.

Klimt’s piece is an example of public commission meant for broad audiences, like Duchamp’s work which was designed for interactive public participation.

Michelangelo Caravaggio

Pablo Picasso

Claude Monet

Vincent van Gogh

In this symbolizes urban expansion breathless pace modernity sweeping nation;

This illustrates a deep fascination with exotic cultures brought back by explorers;

Its depiction expresses regional pride combined with strong moral values associated with rural America;

This satirizes excesses wealthy elite Roaring Twenties indulgence materialism they embraced;

The central figure is illuminated dramatically, emphasizing his role as a martyr and underscoring the brutality of his executioners who remain in shadow.

Dim lighting over both soldiers and citizens reflects mutual suffering during times of war without assigning blame.

Spotlighting on both sides equally highlights shared humanity between oppressors and victims, promoting reconciliation.

Bright lighting throughout creates a scene that celebrates military victory without questioning its moral implications.

The two works demonstrate a shared preoccupation with the exploration of light and shadow to create depth on a flat surface.

Each painting reflects the artists’ interest in everyday life by representing common people without idealization or heroic attributes.

Both artworks celebrate advances in science by depicting figures engaged in controversial practices for their respective cultures.

"Olympia" presents a confrontational female nude challenging viewer expectations, while "The Gross Clinic" portrays male professional authority in medicine.