All Flashcards
What are the steps of ionic bond formation?
1: One atom loses electrons (becomes positive). 2: Another atom gains electrons (becomes negative). 3: Electrostatic attraction holds the ions together.
Describe the process of dehydration synthesis.
1: One monomer provides an OH-. 2: Another monomer provides H+. 3: H2O is formed and removed. 4: A covalent bond forms between the monomers.
Describe the process of hydrolysis.
1: Water (H2O) is added. 2: Water is split into H+ and OH-. 3: H+ and OH- break the bond between monomers.
What happens when there is a large difference in electronegativity between two atoms?
A polar covalent bond forms, creating partial positive and negative charges.
What is the effect of removing water during dehydration synthesis?
Monomers combine to form a polymer.
What is the effect of adding water during hydrolysis?
Polymers are broken down into monomers.
What causes nonpolar covalent bonds?
Small electronegativity differences between atoms
What is a covalent bond?
A bond where electrons are shared between atoms.
Define electronegativity.
An atom's pull on electrons in a bond.
What is an ionic bond?
A bond where electrons are transferred, creating ions with opposite charges that attract.
Define metallic bond.
Attraction between metal ions and a 'sea' of delocalized electrons.
What is a polymer?
Large molecule made of many repeating smaller units (monomers) linked by covalent bonds.
What is a monomer?
Small building block molecules that combine to form a polymer.
Define nonpolar covalent bond.
Electrons are shared equally, resulting in no partial charges.
What is a polar covalent bond?
Electrons are shared unequally, creating partial positive (δ+) and partial negative (δ-) charges.
Define intramolecular bond.
Bonds that hold atoms together within a molecule.
What is an intermolecular bond?
Weak attractions between molecules.
Define dehydration synthesis.
Monomers combine to form polymers by removing water (H2O).
What is hydrolysis?
Polymers are broken down into monomers by adding water (H2O).