All Flashcards
What happens when there is a large difference in electronegativity between two atoms?
A polar covalent bond forms, creating partial positive and negative charges.
What is the effect of removing water during dehydration synthesis?
Monomers combine to form a polymer.
What is the effect of adding water during hydrolysis?
Polymers are broken down into monomers.
What causes nonpolar covalent bonds?
Small electronegativity differences between atoms
What are the key differences between covalent and ionic bonds?
Covalent: Electrons are shared, strong bonds, forms molecules. Ionic: Electrons are transferred, creates ions, forms ionic compounds.
Differentiate between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds.
Polar: Unequal sharing of electrons, partial charges. Nonpolar: Equal sharing of electrons, no charges.
What are the differences between intramolecular and intermolecular bonds?
Intramolecular: Bonds within a molecule. Intermolecular: Attractions between molecules.
Compare and contrast dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
Dehydration: Removes water, builds polymers, endergonic. Hydrolysis: Adds water, breaks down polymers, exergonic.
What are the steps of ionic bond formation?
1: One atom loses electrons (becomes positive). 2: Another atom gains electrons (becomes negative). 3: Electrostatic attraction holds the ions together.
Describe the process of dehydration synthesis.
1: One monomer provides an OH-. 2: Another monomer provides H+. 3: H2O is formed and removed. 4: A covalent bond forms between the monomers.
Describe the process of hydrolysis.
1: Water (H2O) is added. 2: Water is split into H+ and OH-. 3: H+ and OH- break the bond between monomers.