All Flashcards
What is the effect of a cell membrane being selectively permeable?
It allows the cell to control what enters and exits, maintaining the proper internal environment.
What is the effect of inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump?
Disrupts the electrochemical gradient, affecting nerve cell function and other cellular processes.
Define cell membrane.
A flexible barrier that controls what enters and exits the cell.
What is a phospholipid bilayer?
A double layer of phospholipids that forms the basic structure of the cell membrane.
Define integral proteins.
Proteins that span the entire cell membrane.
What are peripheral proteins?
Proteins that sit on the surface of the cell membrane.
What is active transport?
Movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).
Define passive transport.
Movement of substances across a cell membrane down their concentration gradient, without requiring energy.
What is endocytosis?
The process by which cells engulf substances by inward folding of the cell membrane.
Define exocytosis.
The process by which cells expel substances by fusion of vesicles with the cell membrane.
What is primary active transport?
Active transport that uses ATP directly.
Define secondary active transport.
Active transport that uses the energy of an existing concentration gradient.
Compare and contrast active and passive transport.
Active transport: Requires energy (ATP), moves substances against the concentration gradient. | Passive transport: Does not require energy, moves substances down the concentration gradient.
What are the key differences between primary and secondary active transport?
Primary active transport: Uses ATP directly. | Secondary active transport: Uses energy from an existing concentration gradient.